Best. — Maori Numeration. 165 



For 200 we find a new term employed —viz., the rau, or liun- 

 dred, doubled. Upon this new base tlae 2)u and hoko systems 

 are built up until 400 is attained, when we find the term rua 

 rau (two hundred — brace understood) employed. The same 

 system is repeated until 600 {torn rau), and so on. In actual 

 counting, a person would probably say " Ka rua rau, ha torn 

 rau," &c., and not " E rua rau, e torn rau." But if simply 

 stating a number, not counting, he would probably use the 

 particle e : " E hia nga kete riwai i a koe ? " (How many 

 baskets of potatoes have you?) and the answer would be, "E 

 rua rau," or " Hoko torn," or whatever the number might be. 

 But if the questioner used the verbal particle ka, then the 

 answer would be preceded by that term : " Ka hia au manu ? " 

 Answer, " Ka rua rau," or " Ka wha pu," &c. 



We have seen that paepae was used to imply an excess 

 number. For instance, in counting by the dual system, 460 

 would often be given as c rua rau, hokotoru te pae^ae (two 

 hundred — p)icoi' topu understood), ihepaepae being sixty. This 

 term for an excess number seems to have been used between 

 hundreds only — i.e., for numbers between 100 and 200, between 

 200 and 300, and so on. It is said to have been used in 

 counting objects (game, &c.) only, and not in counting per- 

 sons. The word paepae means the odd or excess numbers 

 stretching forward towards the next hundred. Pae means " a 

 step; direction; perch; to lie across; lie ready for use," &c. 

 Whakapae — to lay across. Paepae and paeioai = threshold. 

 Paepae is the step towards the next hundred. Of these num- 

 bers between hundreds au old Native remarked, " E pae tonii 

 ana, kia tae kl te rau, kua kore e kiia he pae " (They are all in 

 the pae stage ; when the next hundred is attained, the term pae 

 is not applied). But it is again employed when the next 

 hundred is commenced. 



Another common expression for an excess number is tuma. 

 Thus ngahurii tuma means " ten and an excess " ; and it may 

 be used for any number from eleven to nineteen inclusive. 

 Kotahi raii titma stands for one hundred and an excess, and 

 may be used for any number from 101 to 199 inclusive. 

 Such usage is equivalent to our expressions " twenty odd " 

 and " one hundred odd," &c. These illustrations are from 

 the single method of counting. Maunsell gives an illustration 

 from the dual method — viz., e rua viano ma wha, hokorima te 

 tuma, for 4,900; but literally it is "two thousand and four, 

 hokorima" — the words "hundred doubled," or "hundred 

 pairs," are omitted after the word "four," but are understood. 

 In the modern system of counting by multiplying by ten we 

 often hear the word tiima for the excess numbers between 

 tens. But then, ten was not a multiple in the ancient 

 system, nor was tekau used for ten. As old Tataka expressed 



