340 Transactions. 



for the. special part of this series. likewise, the buriiing or up- 

 rooting of an artificial forniation, such as that of XJlex europeus, 

 or Lupinus arbor eus on the dunes, is a special case of the same 

 kind, and plants could there gain a footing which would have no 

 chance on an unmodified dune. And this leads the way to the 

 repetition of that great truth which I have stated before, 

 that in a formation where man and introduced animals have 

 never penetrated there are few or no introduced plants. There- 

 fore it is very hard indeed at the present time to estimate what 

 introduced plants have come naturally from the inland modified 

 forniations into the coastal region. On the virgin Open Bay 

 Islands, for example, I only noted Poa annua (15). But, how- 

 ever they may have come, there are now a considerable number 

 of introduced plants on many parts of the coast, where the 

 formations are to all intents and purposes primitive. Some of 

 these have been planted to stop the drifting sand — e.g., Am- 

 mo'phila arenaria, Elijmus nrenarius, Lupinus arboreus, and 

 Mesembrianthenmm ednle. Ulex europeus and Sarothamnus sco- 

 paritis of the same formation have escaped in the first instance 

 from hedges. 



The following are comnio)! everywhere, and some extend 

 to high- water mark on shingly beaches : Hypochceris radicata, 

 Holcus lanatus, Bromus sterilis, Rumex obtusij alius, R. acelosella, 

 (Enothera odorata, Trifolium repens, T. arvense, Silene quin- 

 qiiivulnera, Ranunculus sceleratus. Nasturtium officinale, Sagina 

 apetala, Chenopodium album, Senebiera coronopus, Stellaria media, 

 Medicago denticidata, and Glycena fluitans. But the introduced 

 plants vary much in different parts of the coast, some being 

 confined to limited areas and special conditions, and their 

 names and distribution are quite beyond the scope of an 

 introductory article. 



18. Origin of the Coastal Vegrtation. 



There is no space to inquire at any length into the origin of 

 the coastal vegetation. The fact that nearly all the species can 

 be oirltivated easily in ground devoid of salt and far from the sea- 

 shore* shows that such plants are little dependent on their special 

 and ])eculiar environment for their well-being. On the other 

 hand, many garden plants can be grown successfully close to 



* I have cultivated or seen cultivated under non-coastal conditions 

 the following coastal plants : Veronica elliptica, V. lewisii, V. macroura, 

 V. macroura cookiaria, V. speciosa, V. dieffenhachii, V. chathamica, Plan- 

 tago, sp., of the Auckland Islands, Plantago, sp.. East Cape Island, Crassula 

 moschata, Salicornia aiostralis, Myosotidium nohile, Myosotis capitata albi- 

 flora, M. antarctica traillii, Aciphylla intermedia, Samolus repens, Lepi- 

 dium tenuicaule, various coastal forms of Cotula dioica, Stilbocarpa lyallii, 

 Plagianth us divaricatus. 



