286 Transactions 



" Senecio-Olearia " belt, but the forest is somewhat more mixed than that 

 noted farther south. This forest contained the following species, which list 

 is not, of course, exhaustive : Veronica elUptica, Anisotome intermedia (?), 

 Olearia angustifoUa, 0. Colensoi, 0. nitida (the latter in many cases with a 

 trunk 2 ft. in diameter, although generally prostrate at the base), Coprosma 

 areolata, Senecio rotundifolius, Rubus australis, Aristotelia racemosa, Acaena 

 Sanguisorhae, Juncus planifoliiis, Coprosma propinqua, Rubus schmidelioides, 

 Rapanea Urvillei, Coprosma foetidissima, Blechnum discolor, Polypodium 

 diver sifolium. As the scrub became denser I noted Gunnera prorepens, 

 Nertera depressa, Coprosma lucida, Ranunculus hirtus, Blechnum capense. 

 Fuchsia excorticata, Carex ternaria, C. dissita, Griselinia littoralis, Lepto- 

 spermum scoparium, Gnaphalium luteo-album, Metrosideros lucida, Draco- 

 phyllum longifolium, Garpodetus serratus, Weinmannia racemosa, Dacrydium 

 cupressinum, Muehlenbeckia complexa, Rhipogonum scandens, Pittospormn 

 Colensoi, Asplenium flaccidmn, Astelia nervosa, Pratia angulata, Schefflera 

 digitata, Polypodium grammitidis, Pseudopanax crassifolium, Earina mucronata, 

 Polystichum vestitum, Erechtites prenanthoides, and Asplenium lucidium. 



(5.) BOGS AND SWAMPS. 



Under this heading I propose to deal with the plants growing in the 

 wet and boggy land in Fresh-water Valley. Strictly speaking, it is hard to 

 draw the line in many cases between heath and bog, as these two are so 

 closely united. The Fresh- water Valley consists practically of wet and 

 boggy land all through, although here and there are scrub islands, and 

 in many cases extensive dry sandy ridges. On the other hand, there are 

 numerous creeks and Several large lagoons, some of them about a quarter 

 of a mile in length by half that width. The principal bogs are covered 

 with stretches of Hypolaena lateriflora and Gleichenia alpina, with here and 

 there in the wetter places great cushions of Sphagnum. There also are 

 colonies of Utricularia monanthos, and carpets of the pretty blue flowers 

 of Herpolirion novae-zealandiae. Here and there are smaller cushions of 

 Oreostylidium subidatum, and in the drier places vast quantities of Celmisia 

 longifolia. In parts there are many stunted specimens of Cassinia Vau- 

 villiersii and Phormium Coohianum and the ixia-like orchid Thelymitra 

 uniflorum (in full bloom). Much of the ground is covered by Pentachondra 

 pumila and Styphelia empetrifolia ; and occasional plants of Styphelia acerosa, 

 Blechnum capense var. minor, and Lycopodium ramulosum are common, as 

 also is Dracophyllum longifolium. In the places where there is an abundance 

 of standing water is found an almost pure association of Lepiocarpus sim- 

 plex, while on the " heath islands " will be found Olearia nitida, Nothopanax 

 Colensoi, Astelia nervosa, Acaena novae-zealandiae, Lycopodium fastigiatum, 

 Phormium Cookianum, Veronica salicifolia, Rubus australis, Lagenophora 

 petiolata, and Pteridium esculentum. In many parts the ground is red 

 with broad patches of Drosera binata and the small round mats of D. spathu- 

 lata. Less common, but still tolerably plentiful, will be found Gaidtheria 

 perplexa, G. erecta, Coprosma acerosa, and Caladenia Lyallii. Here and 

 there are stretches of drier ground covered with Danthonia Raoidii, the 

 tussocks fairly tall, and the ground between them filled up with Pratia 

 angulata, Thelymitra longifolia, and Microtis unifolia, with occasional speci- 

 mens of Prasophyllum Colensoi. For long stretches near some of the lagoons 

 there will be nothing but the red stems of Leptocarpus simplex, or in some 

 places the green stems of Scirpus nodosus. In boggy creeks I noted 



