180 CH. WARDELL STILES, 



The only code which seems to have dealt specifically with this class 

 of cases is the B. A. Code §§ 4, 6, 7, According to these paragraphs, 

 if a genus for which the author proposed no type, contains at the 

 time of its proposal the type species of sorae preexisting genus, that 

 species becomes by virtue of its publication in the original list of 

 species, the type species of the genus in question. Thus: Planaria 

 GoEZE, 1782 [nee Müller, 1776] was proposed without a type species ; 

 it contained hepatica (in latiuscula) which had already become the 

 type of Fasciola^ 1758 ; hepatica is, according to the B. A, rules, type 

 of Planaria^ 1782. 



This ruling is a very just one and should be foUowed in all cases. 



13. The name of the typical suhgenus. 



Various rules have been proposed for naming the typical subgenus. 

 Some authors prefix an "Eu" to the name of the genus, others give a 

 new name. It has been quite generally overlooked, that no extra 

 rule is necessary, since the lexprioritatis fully Covers the case; 

 it was thought best to formulate the principle in the International Code. 



By the lex, the name of any genus or any subgenus is the 

 oldest generic or subgeneric name available for the group in 

 question. Take for instauce Taenia (type : solium). The oldest generic 

 or subgeneric name available for solium is Taenia, hence (lex priori- 

 tatis) that is the generic name; by the same rule, it is naturally the 

 subgeneric name. Any other ruling would be contrary to the lex. 



13. The name of the typical subspecies. 



Exactly the same principle mentioned for the subgenus applies 

 to the subspecies, hence the last sentence of III, 3 of the code, be- 

 ing contrary to the lex prioritatis, is inoperative. To illustrate with 

 an example: Genus X, species a. The name of the typical subspecies 

 is: X a a; other subspecies are X a b, X a c, X a d, etc. 



Some authors select the name typica for the typical species and 

 subspecies, but such selection is calculated to give rise to great con- 

 fusion ; unless the specific name is typica, the subspecific name typica 

 is inadmissible. Thus, X a typica is inadmissible (lex) as a sub- 

 specific name of the typical subspecies. 



To show how confusion arises by using the name typica as a 

 specific name, we have but to imagine the transfer of the species to 

 another genus, or the suppression of its generic name. Take the hypo- 



