PHYSICAL ETHNOLOGY. 



271 



f>cciput, and lateral expansion of the brain and skull, consequent on the use of 

 the cradle- board. 



Meanwhile, turning from this supposed British skull of Tloman times to the 

 one derived from Uley chambered barrow, (Xo. 1,) the most ancicmt of the series, 

 and assuming their chronological order to be, undisputed, as it appears to be, we 

 find no gradation from an abbreviated to an elongated form, but, on the contrary, 

 an extreme brachycephalic type interposed between the ovoid dolichocephalic 

 Anglo Saxon or Cliristian era and the extreme dolichocephalic or kumhccepha- 

 lic one belonging to a period seemingly so remote that Dr. Thurnam, wben 

 noting the recurrence of the same type in another chambered barrow at Little- 

 ton Drew, Wiltshire, remarked: "It is not necessary to admit the existence of 

 any pre-Celtic race, as the skulls described may be those of Gaelic, as distin- 

 guished from Cymric, Celts; or the longheaded builders of these long, cham- 

 bered, stone barrows, may have been an intrusive people, who entered Britain 

 from the southwest. Can they have been some ancient Iberian or Ibero Phoe- 

 nician settlers?"* 



By whatever theory the diiTerence is ultimately accounted for, it is manifestly 

 one of a nature well calculated to suggest Iberian, Phoanician, Finnic, or any 

 other diverse origin for the older race, rather than to admit of the belief of Celtic 

 affinities for it, if the brachycephalic be the true British form. The divergence 

 from the intermediate form, it will be seen, exceeds that of the extreme varieties 

 already referred to among American crania, even when the exceptional Esqui- 

 maux mean is included, as in the following comparative proportions : 



I. A. 



Scioto mound skull 



Barrie skull 



Huron mean 



Esquimaux mean . . 



G.50 

 G.GO 

 7.40 



7.28 



4. .50 

 5.20 

 4.35 

 4.31 



60.0 

 64.0 

 54.3 

 52. 2 



6.20 

 5.30 

 5.43 

 5.46 



16.00 

 16.00 

 14. 66 

 14.48 



4. .50 

 4.60 

 4. 23 

 4.18 



13. 80 

 14.40 

 14.65 

 14.82 



19.80 

 20. 70 

 20.48 

 20.42 



If no artificial element were supposed to affect any of those forms, the Barrie 

 skull would naturally be classed with the former in any such comparison ; and 

 even w th a full recognition of the artificial influences to which, as has been 

 shown, both appear to have been subjected, it is scarcely co.nceivable that any 

 amount of artificial deformation could be employed to transform the long, narrow, 

 and high E^^quimaux cranium into cither form. The markedly brachycephalic 

 proportions of each are traceable in part to the parieto-occipitai flattening ; but 

 the symmetrical uniformity which characterizes both proves that they arc only 

 modified examples of naturally short and broad crania. But the vertical or 

 obliquely flattened occiput, which even Dr. Jtorton recognized as, in its extreme 

 manifestations, traceable to artificial compression, is by no means peculiar to the 

 New World ; a id the importance of determining whether it is to be regarded as an 

 ethnical characterisiic, or merely an artificial result of external influences applied 

 designedly or ni the practice of some common usage, will be apparent when 

 its prevalence has been recognized. JMeauwhile, the suggestion of Dr. Thur- 

 nam, that the long-headed race .of the British isles may possibly be traceable to 

 Iberian or Phoenician intruders, invites attention to whatever materials may be 

 available for the determination of the skull-forms of those ancient races. 



Among the rarer crania of the Morton collection is one to which a peculiar 

 interest attaches, and which may possibly have som(; significance in reference to 

 this inquiry. Its history is thus narrated in Dr. Henry S, Patterson's Memoir 



Crania Britannica, Dec. iii, pi. 24, (4.) 



