PHYSICAL ETHNOLOGY. 



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pointed out by Dr. Morton : the peculiar contour of the Barrio skull excited no 

 more notice than the recognition of it as one well-known variety of American 

 cranial forms. But, when almost precisely the same form is found in British 

 graves, it is suggestive of ancient customs hitherto undreamt of, on which the 

 familiar source of corresponding American examples is calculated to throw a 

 novel light. 



Fig. 6. Fig. 7. 



Of this form the Juniper Green skull, previously referred to as discovered ia 

 the immediate vicinity of Edinburg, is a striking example. It has been 

 engraved the full size in the Crania Britannica, and, as will be seen, it presents 

 in profile *che square and compact proportions characteristic of British brachy- 

 cephalic crania. It also exhibits, in the vertical outline, the truncated wedge 

 form of the type indicated in Fig. 5, No. 2. In the most strongly marked exam- 

 ples of this form, the vertical or flattened occiput is a prominent feature, accom- 

 panied generally with great parietal breadth, from which it abruptly narrows at 

 the occiput. The proportions of tiiis class of crania were already familiar to me 

 before the discovery of the Juniper Green example, but it had not before 

 occurred to me to ascribe any of their features to other than natural causes. But 

 the circumstances attending its exhumation gave peculiar interest to whatever 

 was characteristic in the skull and its accompanying relics, handled for the first 

 time as evidences of the race and age of the freshly opened cist, discovered 

 almost within sight of the Scottish capital, and yet pertaining to prehistoric 

 times. This interesting skull was deposited in the Museum of the Scottish Anti- 

 quaries, along with the urn which had lain beside it in the rude cist, and I 

 accompanied its presentation with the first expression of my suspicion — for it 

 scarcely then amounted to more — that the flattened occiput was due to some arti- 

 ficial compression, by means of which the abbreviated form so common in crania 

 of the Scottish tumuli had been exaggerated if not entirely produced. 



Another skull in the same collection, found under somewhat similar circum- 

 stances in a cist at Lcsmurdie, Banffshire, has the vertical occiput accompanied 

 by an unusual parietal expansion and want of height, suggestive of the idea of 

 a combined coronal and occipital compression.* A third Scottish skull, pro- 

 cured from one of a group of cists near Kinaldie, Aberdeenshire, also exhibits 

 the posterior vertical flattening. But a more striking example than any of those 

 appears in the one from Codtord, South Wiltshire, selected here to illustrate this 

 type. Dr. Davis remarks, in his description of it: "The zygomatic arches are 



'' Vide Crania Britannica, Dec. IJ plate 16. 



