FIELD BOOK OF MAMMALS 



what smaller than males; weight of average doe, 100-150 

 pounds, depending on the locality. 



Geographical Description. — Found from the Atlantic sea- 

 board to the Great Plains, and from the Gulf of Mexico to 

 about 43° north latitude. 



Food. — Many species of grasses, leaves of shrubs, trees, and 

 aquatic plants, sometimes acorns. 



Enemies. — Cougar; Wolf; Lynx; Wolverine. 



Species and Subspecies of the Subgenus Odocoileus 



Virginia Deer. — Odocoileus virginianus virginianus (Boddaert). 

 As described above. Found in the eastern United States 

 north to southern New York (?) and south to Florida; 

 limits of range uncertain. 



Northern White-tailed Deer. — Odocoileus virginianus borealis 

 (Miller). 

 Resembling typical virginianus but averaging larger in size ; 

 antlers more widely spreading; redder in summer pelage; 

 usually a conspicuous fringe of white hairs between toes. 

 Found in New England, northern New York and west to 

 Ontario, northern Wisconsin, and Minnesota; limits of 

 range unknown. 



Key Deer. — Odocoileus virgijtianus clavium Barbour and 

 Allen. 

 "Smallest of the eastern races of Virginia Deer, colors paler, 

 teeth smaller than in the mainland races." (Barbour and 

 Allen) Found on Keys from Big Pine Key to Boca Chica, 

 Florida. 



Louisiana White-tailed Deer. — Odocoileus virginianus louisi- 

 ance (G. M. Allen). 

 Differing from typical virginianus in paler color; skull long 

 and slender; antlers heavy. Found in Louisiana and the 

 Gulf States. 



Plains White-tailed Deer; Western White-tailed Deer. — 

 Odocoileus virginianus macrourus (Rafinesque). 

 Resembling typical virginianus but paler. Reddish brown 

 above, in summer; yellowish gray mixed with black, in 

 winter. Total length, 90 inches; tail vertebrae, 12 inches. 

 Found from the Dakotas, Nebraska, and Kansas west to 

 the Rocky Mountains; from Alberta in the north to north 

 New Mexico in the south. 



Texan White-tailed Deer. — Odocoileus texanus (Meams). 

 Smaller in size than virginianus, pale in color, short of leg; 

 horns small and strongly incurved. Summer pelage red- 

 dish; winter pelage pepper-and-salt (mixed black, yellowish 

 white and gray), with blackish area from crown to root of 

 tail. Total length, 63 inches; tail vertebrae, 10.5 inches; 



