Chap. 2.] ACCOUNT OF COUNTETES, ETC. S 



river, which rises in Phrygia and receives the waters of other 

 rivers of vast magnitude, among which are the Tembrogius*' 

 and the Gallus/'' the last of which is by many called the Sanga- 

 rius. After leaving the Sagaris the Gulf of the Mariandyni^* 

 begins, and we come to the town of Heraclea,^^ on the river 

 Lycus ; '^ this place is distant from the mouth of the Euxine two 

 hundred miles. The sea-port of Acone ^^ comes next, which has 

 a fearful notoriety for its aconite or wolf's-bane, a deadly 

 poison, and then the cavern of Acherusia,^^ the rivers Paedo- 

 pides, Callichorus, and Sonautes, the town of Tium,-° distant 

 from Heraclea thirty-eight miles, and the river Billis. 



CHAP. 2. (2.) PAPHLAGONIA. 



Beyond this river begins the nation of Paphlagonia,^^ by 

 some -writers called Pylaemenia f^ it is closed in behind by the 

 country of Galatia. In it are Mastya,^^ a town founded by the 



'' Now called the Sursak, according to Parisot. 



^* Now the Lef-ke. See the end of c. 42 of the last Book. 

 _ i» The modern Gulf of Sakaria. Of the Mariandyni, who gave the an- 

 cient name to it, little or nothing is known, 



^^ Its site is now known as Harakli or Eregli. By Strabo it is erro- 

 neously called a colony of Miletus. It was situate a few miles to the north 

 of the river Lycus. 



^" Now called the Kilij. 



^8 Stephanus Byzantinus speaks of this place as producing whetstones, or 

 (iKovai, as well as the plant aconite. 



^3 This name was given to the cavern in common with several other 

 lakes or caverns in various parts of the world, which, like the various 

 rivers of the name of Acheron, were at some time supposed to be con- 

 nected with the lower world. 



-" Now called Falios (or more properly Filiyos), according to D'Anville, 

 from the river of that name in its vicinity, supposed by him and other 

 geographers to be the same as the ancient Billis. here mentioned by Pliny. 

 By others of the ancient writers it is called BillfBus. 



2^ Paphlagonia was bounded by Bithynia on the west, and by Pontus on 

 the east, being separated from the last by the river Ilalys; on the south it 

 was divided by the chain of Mount Olympus from Phrygia in the earlier 

 times, from Galatia at a later period ; and on the north it bordered on the 

 Euxine. 



^^ In the Homeric catalogue we find Pyla^raenes leading the Paphlago- 

 nians as allies of the Trojans; from this Pylsemtnes the later princes of 

 Paphlagonia claimed their descent, and the country was sometimes from 

 them called Pyloemenia. 



23 Suspected by Hardouin to have been the same as the Moson or 

 Moston mentioned by Ptolemy as in Galatia. 



B 2 



