100 rTEROPID^K. 



Section E. Teeth 28. True grinders f . |. False grinders f ; /Vo»i! ?m'/wte, 

 o/Kwi deciduous. Wings from the sides of the hairy back. Fenis- 

 glandjleshy. 



Tribe IV. IIappyiana. Cutting-teeth | or -jj- ; fotoer, wAe» present, 

 crowded before the canines. False grinders §. 7/tw/ sAorf, broad. 



Nostrils tubular, diverging. 



9. Haepyia. Tail short, end free. 



Tribe V. Cynopterina. Cutting-teeth £ ; lower in a regular series. 

 False grinders f . Head broad, short, tapering. Nostrils rather pro- 

 minent. Shoidde-rgland with coloured hairs. 



10. Cynoptkrus. Tail short, end free. 



11. Megjera. Tail none. 



Tribe VI. Epomopiiorina. Cutting-teeth \ ; lower in regular scries. 

 Front upper false grinders wanting. Head very long, swollen in front. 

 Nostrils rather prominent. Shoulder-gland with white hairs. 



12. IIypsignathus. Face swollen and truncated in front. Nose and 



chin with a fleshy disk, with raised edges. Nostrils in the notch 

 in the upper margin of the disk. 



13. Epomophorus. Face very hairy, rounded in front. Nose and chin 



hairy. Skull elongate, narrow, zygomatic arch flattened. Upper 

 cutting-teeth close, rather crowded together in the centre of the 

 intercanine space ; grinders far apart. 



14. Epomops. Face rounded in front. Nose and chin hairy. Skull 

 ovate, rather broad. Face moderate. Zygomatic arch curved. Cut- 

 ting-teeth separate, far apart in the intercanine space ; grinders 

 close. 



Section A. Teeth 34. True grinders {, hinder small. False grinders |, 

 front minute, often deciduous. 



Tribe I. PTEROPINA. 



Cutting-teeth f ; lower scries regular. Wings from sides of back 

 (except in Eunyteris). Tail none. Penis-gland bony. 



1. SPECTRUM. 



Head rounded; face produced, slender, cylindrical. Ears sin all, 

 slender, nearly hidden by the fur. Wings from the sides of the hairy 

 back. Fur soft, abundant, erect. Back, base of the wings near the 

 back, shoulders, hinder side of the forearm, thighs and legs, and 

 interfemoral membrane covered with hair. Thumb, lower joint 

 short, enclosed in the front membrane ; upper joint not very long, 

 compressed, quite free. Tail none. Penis-gland bony. Interfe- 

 moral membrane very narrow, only distinct near the heel-bone. 

 Hub. Africa, Asiatic islands, and Japan. 



1. Spectrum vulgare. B. M. 



Ears small ; fur soft, abundant, spreading, blackish chestnut ; 

 head pale yellow ; the upper arm, sides of the shoulders, back, and 



