﻿NTMPHALIN^. (Gionp potamina.) 33 



Female. Upperside and underside as in the male ; markings the same. 

 Expanse, c? S^-o to S^-oj ? ^^^q ^o ^^^q inches. 



Habitat. — W. and E. Himalayas; Assam; Khasia and Naga Hills; Burma; 

 Shan Hills. 



DisTBiBUTiON. — H. Nama has a wide range, extending from Kashmir on the 

 West through the Himalayas Eastward to Burma and Siam. We possess specimens 

 from Kashmir taken by the late Capt. Bayne Keed, Naini Tal from Mr. W. S. 

 Atkinson's collection, from Sikkim, taken in March, and also from the Runjeet 

 Valley, Sikkim, taken in October, and others from Bhotau by Mr, G. C. Dudgeon. 

 According to Mr. L. de Niceville " it is common in the Eastern Himalayas, and 

 occurs in the Khasia and Naga Hills, and the mountain ranges of Upper Burma. 

 The female is much less often seen in collections than the male, though at low 

 elevations in Sikkim in the late autumn it is very common, flying or soaring abo\it 

 in open spaces on the borders of forests, and exactly mimicking Gaduga Tytia, both 

 in appearance and habits. The Indian Museum, Calcutta, possesses the species 

 from Nepal, Silhet, Khasia Hills, Sibsagar, Naga Hills, and also specimens obtained 

 by the Yunan Expedition" (Butt, Ind. ii. 57). In the Sikkim Gazetteer (1894, 

 135), Mr. de Niceville also says that " it occurs in Sikkim as high as 6000 feet, but 

 is more common from 2000 to 4000 feet." Mr. H, J. Elwes (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1888, 

 340) records it as " very common in Sikkim up to 6000 feet, but most abundant 

 at 3000 to 4000 feet, from March to December, the females being found abundant 

 as well as the males." In Burma, Major 0. H. E, Adamson (List Butt. Burm, 13) 

 records it from the " Arakan Hills and Bhamo. Scarce." Lieut. D. Thompson 

 (J. Bomb. N. H. Soc. 1890, 296) took it in the Chin-Lushai country during the 

 Expedition from the Chittagong side in the winter of 1889-90," Mr. F, E, 

 Dempster (J, Bomb. N. H. S. 1890) obtained it at " Choungkwa, Toungtek, and 

 Laivar, in March, and at Lamtok in April," during the same Expedition from the 

 Burmese side of the Hills. 



Dr. N. Manders, in his Notes on the Lepidoptera of the Shan States, Burma 

 (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1890, 521), says it "is vary common all the year round. In the 

 cold weather being found commonly on the tops of the limestone outcrops, which are 

 so common in the Shan States, and rise to a height of 500 to 600 feet above 

 the surrounding plain." 



It also occurs in the Malay Peninsula (Distant, Rhop. Malay. 446), and in 

 Sumatra. It is also recorded from Upper Siam and Western China. 



Mimicry. — Both sexes of E. Nama are admirable mimics of the Limnaine 

 butterfly Cadiiga Tytia* both in appearance, and, according to the observations made 



* For Caduga Tytia see Lep. Iiul. i. plate 15. 

 VOL. III. p 



