10 BEAN. 



two anal feet. They changed to a very sensitive, cylindrical 

 pupa, ocbreous and shining." * 



The figures of the caterpillar and chrysalis are partially 

 taken from those given l)y Curtis in the paper quoted, and it 

 will be observed that the chrysalis shows the shape of the 

 forming moth within it, and that the position of the wings 

 and legs are clearly discernible. 



The figure of the moth shows its shape, and the usual 

 pattern of the white markings, but the colour is excessively 

 variable. It may be generally described as having the fore 

 wings clay-colour or brown, with various white stripes and 

 dots, and the hinder wings of a brown or smoky brown. 

 Sometimes the markings on the fore wings scarcely show, and 

 the moth then is of a dirty pale broAvnish colour. The size 

 also varies from an inch to an inch and a half in spread of 

 the fore wings. The female moth is sometimes considerably 

 larger than the male. As the names differ as much as the 

 varieties, I have taken Professor Westwood's name of the 

 " Small Swift," which distinguishes it well from the much 

 larger kind (the " Ghost Moth " or " Hop Swift "), the cater- 

 pillar of which specially attacks Hop-roots. The name of 

 "Swift" is given on account of the rapidity of the flight. 

 The moths may be seen in the evening by hedgerows or 

 grassy banks, over grass, where they drop their eggs in large 

 numbers. 



In the spring of 1885 I received specimens corresponding 

 with the caterpillars of this moth, from Mr. Martin Burl, of 

 Elsenham, near Bishop's Stortford, with the observation that 

 they were samples of earth grubs which were destroying his 

 winter Beans, gnawing the stalks in two a little below the 

 ground. They were a strong healthy plant, sown early in 

 October, ploughed in and pressed with ribbed roller in strong 

 clay-land after wheat, and he feared that about two acres of 

 the twenty were hopelessly ruined. 



With regard to getting rid of this special attack, Mr. Burl 

 noticed, on March 10th, that in digging them that morning 

 (being frosty) he found some of them retired quite into the 

 solid ground, in a cavity just fitting them ; and consequently 

 he was going to cultivate as deeply as possible between the 

 rows of 13eans, in hopes of turning out a good many of the 

 pests. 



This plan might be expected to act well wherever the grubs 

 could be reached, as they were obviously sensitive of weather 

 influences ; and turning them out of their self-made shelters 

 would act as thoroughly on them as on the common surface 



* ' Gardeners' Chronicle ' for 18i5, p. 873. 



