2S CABi3AGE. 



of such as turn to pupa in the earth, the grubs or caterpillars 

 simply leave the roots, or descend from the plants into the 

 ground, and there undergo their transformations. This may 

 be immediately, or they may be in the earth during the 

 winter, to appear as perfect insects in the ensuing spring or 

 summer, and so on successively till the ground is completely 

 infested by them. 



It will thus be seen that a simple turning over of the 

 ground, accompanied by heavy manuring, though it may be 

 a remedy for the exhaustion of the soil, will not get rid of the 

 grubs. 



A change of crop is necessary — such as Beans, Cereals, or 

 even Potatoes ; these would not suit the Cabbage Fly for the 

 deposit of its eggs, and planting the Cabbage afterwards on the 

 clean uninfested land would greatly reduce the risk of attack. 



The grubs of the Eoot-eating Fly, Antlwmyia radiaim, 

 Curtis, are of a yellowish ochre-colour, with two dark brown 

 points at the end of the blunt tail. The pupae are of a paler 

 and more ochreous colour than those of the Cabbage Fly. 



The Eoot-eating Fly is figured at 4, p. 25, magnified ; the 

 male has an ochreous face, with a rusty stripe on the fore- 

 head ; body between the wings black, with three dark stripes, 

 and grey sides ; abdomen slender, grey, with broad black 

 stripe along the back. The female is grey, with three dull 

 stripes along the body between the wings. 



According to Bouche, the flies inhabit dung by thousands 

 in the summer, and, from the nature of the excremeutitious 

 matter which they are stated by him especially to frequent, it 

 would appear that the use of night-soil as a manure would 

 be likely to attract attack. 



From experiments made by the Zoological-Botanical Society 

 of Vienna, it appears that these maggots were injurious to 

 crops on ground manured with bone-dust, and also to those 

 manured with horse-dung; but that on ground close by, 

 manured with superphosphate, the plants were not at all 

 attacked. 



Anthomijia tuherosa, Linn., figured p. 25, has been found 

 feeding in Potatoes, and the larva3 and pupa3 have been 

 found where garden-ground has been long occupied by 

 Cabbages. — (* Farm Insects.') 



Cabbage Moth. MKiiicdra hrassica:, Linn. 



This is one of the garden-insects from which we suffer 

 regularly in the summer and autumn of each year, some- 

 times slightly, but often to a serious extent. The caterpillars 



