CARROT FLY. 



39 



hooks for feeding with. The tail is truncate and rounded at 

 the end, and has two small black breathing pores or spiracles. 

 The grubs may be found in winter as well as summer, and 

 attack all parts of the Carrot-root by gnawing galleries on the 

 surface, or into the substance of the root ; but whilst the roots 

 are 3^oung, the grubs appear generally to attack the lowest 

 part. If infested Carrots are carefully drawn from the earth, 

 the grubs will be seen on the root, sticking out of their 

 burrows by about half their length. The attacked Carrots 

 may be known by the outer leaves turning yellow and wither- 

 ing, while the roots gradually sicken and die from the injury 

 to the fleshy part, the growth of the root-fibre being also often 

 completely destroyed. 



1, 2, and 3, larvte of Carrot Fly, nat. size and magnitied ; 4, infested Carrot ; 

 5 and 6, pupae ; 7 and 8, Carrot Fly, nat. size and magnified. 



When full-fed, the maggots leave the Carrots and turn to 

 pupae in the earth. These pupae or fl.y-cases are shiny, of a 

 rusty or ochre colour, pale russet at the ends, with two little 

 black points at the tail. The fly comes out in three or four 

 weeks in summer, but in winter the pupa3 remain unchanged, 

 and the fly does not come from them till the following spring 

 or summer. It is very small, less than half an inch in the 

 spread of the wings, blackish green, with a round, rusty, 

 ochre-coloured head, and ochre-coloured legs. The abdomen 

 is sharply pointed in the female, and the two wings are 

 iridescent, with bright ochre-coloured veins. — (* Farm 

 Insects.') 



Prevention and Eemedies. — The following notes regarding 

 Carrot-cultivation will be found to bear in various ways, 

 suitable to diflerent circumstances of soil and climate, on the 

 main points of — 1st, such preparation of the ground in 

 autumn or winter as will ensure favourable conditions for a 

 healthy, vigorous, and uninterrupted growth from the first 

 sprouting of the seed ; 2nd, thinning at such a stage of 



