120 Hof. 



appearance). The winged viviparous female is also pale green, 

 but has dark markings. The head, and band across body 

 behind the head (2)?'o-//to?Y/.r), dark brown ; and lobes on the 

 thorax, one or more stripes across the abdomen, and four 

 spots on each side, black ; legs with brown joints to the thighs 

 and shanks, and the horns with brown tips. 



The winged male is a smaller and lighter made insect than 

 the winged female, pale green excepting lobes on the fore body 

 and shield behind it, which are olive ; the horns and wings 

 very long. 



According to the common rule of life in the AjMcliiice, the 

 appearance of the male in the later part of the summer, or in 

 the autumn, precedes by a few days that of the egg-laying 

 wingless female, and concludes the generations of the year. 

 It is only between these that pairing takes place, and the 

 fecundated female subsequently lays the eggs which give rise 

 to the countless winged swarms of the following year, all pro- 

 duced without the further intervention of the male, until the 

 season again closes with the autumn a^Dpearance of the winged 

 male and wingless oviparous female. — (* Mon. of Brit. 

 Ai)hides,' &c.) 



The young, or larvte, are commonly known as "lice" or 

 " nits." These may be seen whilst being produced alive at the 

 middle of May, and by careful search as early as the beginning 

 of April. They are at first of a semi-transparent greenish 

 white, afterwards they are green, and much resemble their 

 parents, excepting in not having wings. 



The viviparous females appear in greater or less numbers 

 in the Hop-gardens towards the end of May or beginning of 

 June. If the conditions are favourable, they then deposit their 

 first brood of larvae on the leaves of the plants, and, from the 

 early date at which these young have the power of producing 

 descendants, increase goes on at a rate which words do not 

 convey, but which the state of the attacked plants shows only 

 too plainly. 



The result of this is, if the Aphides are undisturbed, what 

 is known in Hop;'districts as " (/ bligltt" occurs. The powers 

 of the leaves are exhausted b}' the millions of insects drawing 

 out the juice with their suckers, and the pores of the leaves 

 are choked by the fluid voided by the Aphides (or " honey- 

 dew,") so that they cannot perform their natural functions, 

 and the growth of the plants is consequently checked. 



It does not seem now to be open to doubt that a great part 

 of the yearly attack of Hop Aphis, or "Fly," comes on the 

 wing from Sloe, Damson, or plants of the Plum tribe. This 

 was long ago stated by German entomologists, also laid down 

 by at least some of our Hop-growers, and in 1884, after care- 



