232 



OAK. 



pasture lands where Grass has hcen seriously injured by 

 Cockchafer grubs feeding on the roots, the birds should be 

 carefully protected from molestation ; they pull up little — if 

 anything — more than the infested plant (which would have 

 died), and are in this case almost our only means of clearing 

 off these large grubs, which otherwise, excepting when 

 changing their skins or torpid during severe cold, would con- 

 tinue feeding for three years. 



This kind of attack is one which it is most difiicult to 

 find any means of dealing with so far as getting rid of the 

 grubs is concerned ; and, as far as I can find, no pLan seems to 

 be known, either in Europe, the East Indies, or the United 

 States of America, for getting rid of them, excepting turning 

 them out from the ground and destroying them. 



Goat Moth. Cossiis lujuiporda, Fab. 



Goat Moth and chrysalis. 



The caterpillars of the Goat Moth are often seriously 

 injurious, sometimes totally destructive, to various kinds of 

 timber and fruit-trees, by means of the large galleries which 

 they gnaw in the solid wood. They attack Oak, Elm, Ash, 

 Beech, Lime, Willow, Poplar, Apple, Pear, Walnut and other 

 trees ; and the infestation is to be found from the south of 

 England to the north of Scotland. The worst attacks I have 

 myself seen were in West Gloucestershire, wbere I have seen 



