GOAT MOTH ; MAEBLE-GALL FLY. 235 



seen it answer very well to use a finer wire with the point 

 turned back, so as to form a hook to draw the caterpillar out 

 with. A surprising number may be taken out this way. 



Paraffin oil, or a mixture of it in soft-soap wash injected by 

 a sharp-nozzled syringe with as much force as possible into 

 the holes where the caterpillars are working, is a good 

 remedy ; and any fluid poisonous to the caterpillar, or which 

 would make the wood of its hole poisonous or distasteful to it 

 for food, would be serviceable, as tobacco-water, &c. The 

 fluid might also be easily injected by means of a gutta-p)ercha 

 tube, of which one end was fitted on the nozzle of a syringe, 

 and the other passed a little way up the hole ; the escape of 

 fluid may be prevented by some soft clay being pressed into 

 the hole round the tube or nozzle and also kept carefully in 

 place whilst it is being withdrawn. 



The fumes of sulphur blown into the hole were found very 

 effective by Mr. Malcolm Dunn, of Dalkeith, in destroying the 

 caterpillars of the Leopard Moth ; and probably this applica- 

 tion, or a strong fumigation of tobacco, would be equally 

 serviceable in the case of the Goat Moth caterpillars. 



Where a tree is much infested, it is the best plan to cut it 

 down, split it, and destroy the caterpillars within ; as many as 

 sixty or more caterpillars may be taken from one tree, and 

 when in this state it will never thoroughly recover, and it be- 

 comes a centre to attract further attack, as well as one to 

 spread infection. 



It has been noted by Prof. Westwood (Life-President of the 

 Enghsh Entomological Society), that " the Green Wood^Decker 

 preys on these caterpillars, and its stomach on dissection has 

 an intolerable stench." 



Marble-Gall Fly. Cynlps kollari, Hart. 



Larva aud pupa of Cynips ; Cynips kollari, magnified ; Marble Galls. 



