244 PINE. 



the maggot galleries running from it, but they may be found 

 in such great numbers beneath infested bark that a large space 

 of wood and bark is separated by the tunnellings. 



The maggots are about a quarter of an inch long, legless 

 and fleshy, and largest in the rings behind the head, which is 

 of an ochreous colour ; the rest of the maggot is whitish, with 

 a light ochreous tint towards the tail. The maggots turn to 

 pupre at the end of their tunnels, from which the beetles are 

 developed in July and August. Then they pierce a little 

 round hole through the bark, at the end of their burrow, come 

 out through it, and fly to the neighbouring trees, where they 

 may be found in September in great numbers, boring into the 

 young shoots and injuring them, as above mentioned. 



Prevention and Eemedies. — These are entirely based on 

 knowledge of the habits of the beetle, and the difference 

 between the two methods of attack should be kept clearly in 

 mind. 



The beetles tunnel along portions of the pith of the young 

 shoots for food and shelter, not for breeding purposes. For the 

 latter, although they sometimes propagate beneath the bark of 

 growing as well as felled timber, yet for the most part they 

 choose situations for the maggot-nurseries where the sap is 

 not in healthy flow; that is, sickly standing trees, or else 

 felled trunks or branches before the juices between the bark 

 and wood are completely dried up. 



Relatively to injury to the shoots : — In observations sent me 

 by Mr. Henderson, from Tullamore, King's County, Ireland, in 

 1881, he noted on October 22nd that the beetles were then 

 boring up the centres of the shoots. Most of the shoots were 

 then quite green, and until closely examined it was not easy 

 to detect the holes by which the beetles entered. Some of the 

 shoots, however, were just beginning to show a yellow tint, 

 and would die and fall off, in stormy weather, in the following 

 spring or summer. 



Mr. Eobert Coupar (Forester), writing from Colenden, 

 Stormontfield, N.B., mentioned that sometimes the beetles 

 only just attack the shoots slightly at the base of the buds, 

 and then the injury is small ; but sometimes, by beginning 

 boring close below the then present year's growth, or piercing 

 along the young shoots themselves, the leaves are only 

 partially developed, and from their stumpy appearance the 

 attack may be observed at a considerable distance. " The 

 attack may be found going on from early summer, and when 

 once the shoots are tunnelled they are easily broken off by 

 the wind." 



At the date of writing (Nov. 28th) large numbers were to be 



