PINE BEETLE. 245 



found lying about in the wood, many empty; also many 

 with beetles in them, and during winter Pine Beetles may 

 be found liyhernating in them, or amongst the " fog " or forest 

 rubbish. 



Clearing away the infested shoots, off the trees in summer, 

 or from beneath them in winter, is one means of preventing 

 recurrence of attack, but not so easily carried out as might be 

 supposed. 



Mr. Coupar remarked : — " When young plantations of 

 about six to twelve years' old are attacked, they may be gone 

 over, say in June or July, and the infested shoots picked off; 

 but (as these beetles are very wary) at a touch to the branch 

 they back out of their tunnels and fall to the ground. There- 

 fore, after collecting attacked shoots into a basket, the work 

 may prove to have been to no purpose, and on arrival at the 

 end of your journey you may find the shoots quite clear of 

 beetles, these having all escaped ! " 



Mr. Henderson, above quoted, noted that " when the attack 

 is observed on young trees, the best way of safely getting rid 

 of it is to cut off the shoot below the undermost small hole to 

 be seen on the shoot. The person cutting them should have 

 a small bag, something like the planting-bag used for carrying 

 small trees during planting operations, and into this bag he 

 can put the cuttings, and when filled carry them to the outside 

 or an open part of the wood, and burn them at once." 



Eemoval of infested shoots, as above mentioned, from which 

 the beetles come out to propagate, is important; but almost 

 more important yet is removal of all thinnings, pieces of felled 

 Pine or other Pine rubbish, beneath the bark of which the 

 beetles will tunnel and there form their maggot-nurseries. 



Mr. W. McCorquodale, of Scone, N.B. (well-known for his 

 skill in forestry), laid down : — "When young Fir plantations 

 are thinned, all the brush ought to be at once removed or 

 burnt on the ground, as the beetle propagates in the decaying 

 branches in legions. They ascend the standing trees, and 

 commit extensive ravages. When Fir thinnings are carted 

 from the plantations, it is a very common practice to dress 

 the bark off, to lighten the carriage in transit to market. 



" The dressing-ofl" of the bark should not be permitted 

 within the plantation ; in a year after the ground round these 

 heaps of bark may be seen covered with brown shoots blown 

 from the growing trees, bored by the beetles which the heaps 

 have nurtured." 



Mr. Henderson also noted that at Tullamore, in the case of 

 a young Pine wood, where most of the thinnings were taken 

 away, but some piles of them left, near every pile the ravages 

 of the beetle were visible ; and, even where only one of the felled 



