246 



PINE. 



trees was lying, that three or four of the young trees near were 

 attacked in the young shoots. 



This habit may be used very serviceably for trapping 

 purposes, as noted by Mr. Eobert Coupar, before mentioned 

 in observations regarding preventive measures : — "The most 

 serviceable (and a quite practicable) way is to set a quantity 

 of ' beetle-traps,' which are laid about in the plantation, 

 and are thus arranged : — Cut in the autumn a quantity 

 of young Scots Pine tops (thinning off all the branches, which 

 makes them more convenient to handle). Lay these props 

 about in the young plantations, or up against the lower part 

 of the standing trees, so that the under side will not rest on 

 the ground, because the beetles do not lay their eggs where 

 the trees are lying amongst damp or wet. 



"When the time for egg-laying comes the parent beetles 

 select these pieces of Pine, and by collecting them again (say 

 in the month of June or sometimes earlier) you will have 

 under the bark a great number of these destructive pests. 

 _ " This is a most practicable way, as it answers for planta- 

 tions of all ages. As I stated before, I have found in old 

 plantations (from 60 to 100 years of age and over) that, when 

 large branches decline and growth becomes languid, then these 

 beetles select them to lay their eggs in, as also in decaying 

 standing trees. Again, no decaying trees should be allowed 

 to lie, and thinnings should be cleared up as soon as 

 possible." 



Mr. Coupar noted in May, with regard to a large quantity 

 of young Scots Pine, which had been cut down in the course 

 of thinning, that at the time of writing the Pine Beetles were 

 very busy indeed laying their eggs. These Pines had been 

 cut down in the previous January, and the note confirms 

 previous observation of these beetles choosing, for egg-laying, 

 trees which have been only lately felled, and which conse- 

 quently have neither the full flow of sap of the living trees, nor 

 yet have laid long enough for the inner bark to be exhausted. 



Pine-bud Tortrix Moth. 



Orthotmnia turionana, Curtis ; Retinia turionana, Hilbn. 



The caterpillars of the Pine-bud Moth are injurious to 

 Scotch Fir, Silver Fir, and various species of Pine, by feeding 

 in the buds, and especially inside the terminal bud of the 

 leading shoot. By this means, as some of the buds are killed 

 and the leading shoot is often destroyed and its place taken 

 by a side one, the uniform growth of the branches is inter- 

 fered with. 



