PINE-BUD TOKTRIX MOTH. 



247 



The description given of the mode of life of this Tortrix 

 Moth, the 0. turionana of Curtis and Stephens,* by Prof. 

 Westwood, is as follows : — " The larvae are hatched from the 

 eggs deposited by the females in July, in the course of ten 

 or twelve days, when they immediately penetrate into the bud, 

 the centre of which they destroy ; and, descending through 

 the heart of the bud to its base, they then attack the adjoining 



Shoots injured by caterpillars of Tortrix. Pine-bud Tortrix, R. 

 turionana, magnified, with lines showing natural size. 



buds in the same manner; not only destroying the central 

 shoot, and thus preventing the straight and elegant growth of 

 the branches, but also killing the side buds, and even pene- 

 trating into the turpentine tubercles with which some of 

 these Firs abound. By the end of October the caterpillar is 

 feasting on the interior of the largest middle bud, beginning 

 below that which was formed for the following year, in which 

 it spends the winter, renewing its ravages in the spring." . . 

 " The caterpillar is full grown about the end of June, when it 

 descends to the lower part of the burrow which it has formed 

 in the bud, and is there transformed into a shining chestnut- 

 brown chrysalis, which, like those of most internal-feeding 

 species, has the head furnished with a small point between 

 the eyes, and the segments of the abdomen armed with 

 double rows of very fine points directed backwards, enabling 

 the insect to move itself about in its retreat." — (J. 0. W.) 



When full grown the caterpillars are usually about half an 

 inch long, reddish or purplish brown, with brown or black 

 head, and with dark bands on the segments ; or with one dark 

 or black baud across the segment next to the head. After 

 changing to the chrysalis state as mentioned above, the moth 

 comes out from these commonly in July, and then may be 



* See ' Gardener's Chronicle' for 1850, p. 692. 



