248 PtNE. 



seen resting on the Pine stems, which it somewhat resembles 

 in colour. The fore wings are from half an inch to a little less 

 than an inch in expanse, and of rusty red colom' (sometimes 

 of a darker tint or of a tawny orange), varied with irregular 

 silvery markings (see figure, p. 247). The hinder wings are 

 whitish grey in the male, darker towards the edge, which has 

 a white fringe ; in the female they are grey throughout. 



In 1882 I had detailed observations and specimens of an 

 attack to Scotch Pine, corresponding with this of the 0. 

 turionana, sent me by Mr. Coupar (Forester), of Colenden, 

 Scone, which I noted at length in my ' Pieport of Injurious 

 Insects ' for that year, otherwise the attack has rarely come 

 under my observation. Mr. Couparjnoted, with regard to extent 

 of injury, that the infestation did much harm in young Fir 

 woods ; and also that the damage caused by these caterpillars 

 might be easily known by the straggling appearance and loss 

 of regularity of growth of the trees, from the injury to the 

 buds and leading shoots. 



The Pine-bud Moth (above mentioned) and the Pine-shoot 

 Moth, Retinia hiioliana (mentioned below), which are species 

 of Tortrix, resemble each other in so many points of appear- 

 ance and habits that it is not always possible to ascertain 

 which of the two species is referred to in observations of 

 methods of attack. From the descriptions here quoted it 

 appears that the R. turionana is the smallest of the two 

 moths, the caterpillars of which feed chiefly inside the buds, 

 the feeding-season being both in autumn and in the following 

 spring. The caterpillar of the R. hiioliana, which is stated to 

 be the most injurious of the two kinds, feeds mainly in the 

 spring of the year on the growing shoots, under a shelter of 

 threads of its own spinning and hardened turpentine. 



Pine-shoot Tortrix Moth. Retinia huoUana. 



These Moths are to be found during July about young Pine 

 trees of various kinds. 



The female lays her eggs between the buds at the ends of 

 the boughs. The caterpillars, which hatch late in the summer, 

 gnaw these so as to cause a flow of turpentine that gives 

 them a slight coating, and here the caterpillars hybernate. 

 Their operations are first noticeable in the following spring, 

 when the trees begin their growth, after which the grubs 

 attack the shoots nearest, or one side of them, and are to be 

 found sheltered under a kind of web and the turpentine that 

 flows from the wound. 



The caterpillars are at first of a dark brown, which changes 

 to a lighter colour afterwards ; the small head and a band on 



