PINE-SHOOT TORTRIX MOTH. 249 



the segment next to it are of a shining black. These are to 

 be found from September to May, and on ceasing to feed they 

 change (at the same spot) to chrysahds of a dirty brownish 

 yellow, blunt at the tail, and furnished on the abdomen with 

 prickle-like processes pointing backwards. They are to be 

 found in June in the young shoots, and after lying in this 

 state for four weeks the moths appear. 



These are rather larger than the foregoing species. The 

 upper wings are reddish yellow, changing to a darker tint at 

 the tip and marked with light stripes from the base, and 

 silvery spots and transverse wavy lines ; the hinder wings are 

 blackish grey, with a yellow tint, and yellow- grey fringes. In 

 the dusk of the evening they swarm round the tops of the 

 young Pines out of which they have hatched, but by day they 

 rest and are not readily seen, from their similarity in colour 

 to the withered shoots of which they have been the cause. 



This species is common wherever Pine trees are to be found, 

 from the north to the south of Europe. 



The infested trees are easily known by the distorted shoots; 

 those that have been injured (and the growth consequently 

 checked) on one side turn downwards, gradually lengthening, 

 till after a while the shoot raises itself upwards at the ti]3 and 

 takes a straight course again ; but meanwhile a knee has 

 been formed, and a crippled state given to the branch. The 

 shoots that have been destroyed turn brown and die on the 

 tree, many break off at the bend, and stumpy growths, from 

 the number of buds thrown into unnatural development, 

 entirely spoil the characteristic appearance of the tree. — 

 (* Prak. Insecten-Kunde.') 



Prevention and Remedies. — "Where the state of the buds 

 or shoots show the caterpillar (or chrysalis) to be present, 

 these should be carefully removed, so as not to injure the 

 remaining shoots, and all these infested pieces should be 

 burnt. This will lessen the amount of future attack, and the 

 earlier it can be done in the season the better, so as to push 

 on a good growth in the healthy shoots that are left, by means 

 of the sap that otherwise would have been shared with the 

 infested growths. 



From the fact of the moths being sometimes noticeable in 

 large numbers flying in the evening over the infested trees, it 

 is worth consideration whether washings (see Index), such as 

 would make a light sticky coating over the buds for the short 

 time the moths were about in large numbers, and which would 

 lodge between them, and so especially protect the spot which 

 the Pine-shoot Tortrix selects for deposit of its eggs, would not 

 be of service. 



