CODLIN MOTH. 287 



Apples are beginning to form in the early summer) la3ang one 

 egg in each fruit, usually in the eye of the Ai)[)le ; from this 

 the caterpillar or maggot hatches, and gnaws its way onwards, 

 taking a direction so as not to hurt the core. 



The caterpillar is about half an inch long, and slightly 

 hairy, with three pairs of claw feet, four pairs of sucker feet 

 beneath the body, and another pair at the end of the tail ; 

 whitish, with a brown or black head, and dark markings on 

 the next ring, and about eight dots on the others ; the food- 

 canal sometimes shows as a dark line along the back. As it 

 grows it continues its gallery towards the stem, or the lower 

 side of the Apple, where it makes an opening through the 

 rind, and thus is able to throw out the pellets of dirt which 

 could not be got rid of by forcing them upwards through its 

 small entrance-burrow. After this opening is made it turns 

 back to the middle of the Apple, and when nearly full grown 

 pierces the core and feeds only on the pips ; and as a result 

 of this injury the Apple falls. After this the caterpillar leaves 

 the fruit, and in common course of proceedings crawls up a 

 tree, and, when it has found a convenient crevice in the bark, 

 gnaws a little more of it away so as to form a small chamber, 

 where it spins a white web over itself. 



The caterpillar may, however, avail itself of other convenient 

 shelter. Mr. Frazer S. Crawford, in his exhaustive official 

 Eeport on the Codlin Moth in S. Australia (referred to pre- 

 viously and below), mentions a case where some Easpberries 

 grew under an infested Apple tree, and when the Codlin 

 caterpillars fell they took refuge in the pith of the old cane- 

 stumps. From one of these pieces twenty caterpillars were 

 taken. 



In its spun-ui3 chamber (according to German observations) 

 it turns to the chrysalis immediately, from which the moth 

 comes out in a few days to begin a new attack on the fruit ; 

 or (as recorded in this country) it lives still as a caterpillar 

 for several weeks, and then changes to the chrysalis, in which 

 state it usually passes the winter ; and from this the moth 

 comes out in the following June. 



The moth is about three-quarters of an inch in the spread 

 of the fore wings. These have a light grey or ashy brown 

 ground, with delicate streaks, and broader markings of a dark 

 tint, giving a kind of damasked appearance ; and at the 

 hinder corner is a large spot of a brownish red or gold-colour, 

 with paler markings on it, and a border of coppery or golden 

 colour around it. The hinder wings are blackish. 



Prevention and Eemedies. — The main points of prevention 

 are — Istly, all such measures as will prevent the caterpillars 



