CODLIN MOTH. 289 



placed next the tree." ..." The wire can easily he untwisted 

 to examine the hands, and twisted again to fasten them on. 

 The bands should he examined weekly as long as there is any 

 fruit left on the trees, as also on any tree which, having no 

 fruit, is yet growing near infested trees with fruit on. Bags 

 or paper should be fastened in the forks of the trees, in order 

 to trap any caterpillars that may leave the fruit without 

 reaching the ground, which, of course, should be examined 

 regularly with the others." 



" Gathering infested f nut. — This is a most important point. 

 Every apple and pear having a grub-hole mark should be 

 gathered as soon as detected, and all windfalls should be 

 picked up as soon as possible, lest any caterpillars they may 

 contain should escape. This fruit should be at once destroyed, 

 either for kitchen use, or by being given to cattle or pigs, 

 care being taken that no larvae escape." 



" Fruit cases should be disinfected. — Disinfect all boxes 

 returned from market, or that may have been in contact with 

 cases containing fruit from an infested district before taking 

 into the orchard."* This may be done by dipping the cases 

 for two minutes in a lye of caustic soda, of a strength of 1 oz. 

 to 3 gallons of water, or by pouring the solution into them ; 

 or probably the simpler process of merely thoroughly scalding 

 the cases out would do all that was needed. 



As a remedij, spraying when the fruit is formed, but still 

 very small, is recommended. A wash of soft-soap, with a little 

 sulphur may be applied warm, or any other of the regular 

 tree washes at discretion ; that is to say, it is best to mix a 

 small quantity and try the effect on one tree first, and wait a 

 few days so as to be quite certain of its effect on foliage and 

 embryo fruit before applying more, unless the grower has 

 experience in the application. 



Paris-green, sprayed as a liquid mixture, is recommended as 

 a good remedy by Prof. F. M. Webster, of Purdue University, 

 U.S.A., in his 'Indiana Horticultural Eeport ' on insecticides, 

 p. 1 : — " Used in this form, one pound of the poison to one 

 hundred and forty or fifty gallons of water, if applied in the 

 form of a spray, by the aid of any of the machines mentioned 

 at the end of this paper, it will be found effective against the 

 Codlin Moth, and all leaf-eating insects which affect the 

 Apple, provided such application be made after the bloom has 

 fallen, and before the calyx end of the fruit has turned down- 

 wards. It may also be used in this way to destroy leaf-eating 



* ' Report on the Fusicladiums and Codlin Moth,' &e., by Frazer S. Crawford, 

 Inspector under the Vine, &c., Protection Act. Published by direction of the 

 Hon. Commissioner of Crown Lands. Government Printer, Adelaide, S. Aus- 

 tralia, 188G, Price Is, 



TJ 



