298 APPLE. 



Tlie female Scales are about the tenth to the eighth of an 

 mch long, dark brown, of the shape figured above by myself 

 from English specimens, that is, elongate, slightly curved, and 

 rounded at one end, much smaller and of a rusty colour at the 

 other, and wrinkled across. The male Scale is noted by Mr. 

 Albert Morgan as differing from the female "only in being 

 smaller, and in having one instead of two exuvife." * Prof. 

 Comstock also notices the male Scale as being " much smaller 

 than that of the female, straight or nearly so, with a single 

 moulted skin, and with the posterior part joined to the 

 remainder of the Scale by a thin portion which serves as a 

 hinge." t The perfect males of the family of the Coccidce (to 

 which this Mussel Scale belongs) differ greatly from the 

 females, as they possess one pair of wings, and have no mouth 

 or rostrum. Whether the perfect male of this species (the 

 JSIytilaspis pomorum) has ever been seen appears very doubtful. 



For the most part the Scales adhere hrmly to the bark of 

 the infested tree, and on lifting full-grown female specimens 

 the female itself will be found inside, towards the smaller end 

 of the Scale (sheltered by it, not fastened to it), the larger end 

 of the Scale being filled with fifty or more white oval- shaped 

 eggs. The female resembles a flat, fleshy maggot of a pale 

 greyish or yellowish colour, globular, somewhat flattened, and 

 with lines across showing a division into rings, that is, 

 segmented, each segment having, as noted by Dr. Signoret, on 

 each side a lobe with two or three strong spines. I After 

 depositing her eggs she dies, and may be found shrivelled 

 inside the Scale. The young Scale insects that hatch from 

 these eggs are very small, flat, and white; furnished with 

 eyes, horns, six legs, and a sucker. These run about with 

 great activity for a few days, but after a while fix themselves 

 and begin to grow, and gradually change in appearance and 

 turn to pupae. (Under the heading of " White Woolly Scale " 

 will be found figure of larv£e of another species of Scale 

 insect.) 



Pkevention and Kemedies. — Scale may be removed at any 

 time of the year, but the best season for destroying it or 

 applying dressings is in spring, so as to clear it away before 

 the young insects which creep out in May from under the old 

 dead shells have appeared, to begin the new attack. 



It may be removed by thoroughly moistening the surface of 



* " Observations on Coccichc,'" by Mr. Albert Morgan, No. 1., p. 46 (1888), 

 reprinted from 'Entomologist's Monthly Mag.' vol. xxv. 



+ ' Keport of Entomologist, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture,' 1880, p. 325. 



\ For further information on Cocc'uhc see "Essais sur les Cochenilles," 

 extraits cles ' Annales de la yocicte Entomologique de France,' 2 vols. Paris. 



