PLUM. — PLUM APHIS. 327 



chrysalis, will be found within. When once the observer has 

 found how deep these cocoons lie, it is easy to have the 

 surface- soil removed to just below that depth, and by re- 

 moving this and destroying it, with the cocoons ivithin it, the in- 

 festation maj' be fairly carried out of the place ; but care 

 must be taken that the cocoons are destroyed, or otherwise 

 the Sawflies that hatch out of them will fly back to the trees 

 and begin the attack over again. Where this plan is care- 

 fully carried out, there will be little damage to be expected 

 from recurrence of attack. 



PLUM. 



Plum Aphis ; Plum Green Fly. Aphis i^runi, KGaumur. 



" Aphis pnini is exceedingly destructive. Multiplication 

 takes place by millions, and the insects close up the pores of 

 the leaves by their tenacious excretions and the mealy exuda- 

 tions from their bodies. By the constant irritation of their 

 rostra [suckers] the leaves roll up, and under this cover from 

 the weather both the winged and apterous forms live over- 

 spread by the before-mentioned mealy powder, which probably 

 to them is a protection." — (G. B. B.) 



The wingless female bearing living young is of various 

 tints, from green to slight olive-brown, with three faint green 

 stripes on the abdomen, short olive-brown horns, and brown 

 eyes ; the winged viviparous female is apple-green, with head, 

 horns, body between the wings, and feet, black. 



The winged male is small, dingy ochreous, with the head, 

 part of the body immediately behind it, some markings on the 

 back, and the feet, umber-brown ; the fore wings are large and 

 broad ; sometimes the insect is black. It has been found in 

 November in company with the wingless egg-laying female, 

 which is small, pale greenish yellow, and transparent ; and 

 usually shows the mature eggs within, which are ready for 

 laying. 



The Hop Aphis (Phorodon hiunuli) may also be found in 

 great numbers on Plum and Damson trees, and trees or 

 bushes of the Plum kind, as late as May or June (that is 

 until it takes flight to the Hops) ; and it may be found again 

 on the Plum trees in autumn. The two kinds are so much 

 alike that they might be mistaken at a glance, but they may 

 be readily distinguished, with the help of a magnifying glass, 



