330 



TLUM. 



of the most well-proved as serviceable will be found noted 

 under the headings of "Prevention and Eemedy" of Hop 

 Aphis, and other kinds of Aphis attack, and some under the 

 heading of " Winter Moth," but the same principles of appli- 

 cation run throughout, namely, to get rid of the Aphides 

 either by heavy syringings that fairly sweep them, or many of 

 them, down ; or by poisoning them, or coating them with 

 sticky matter that will kill or injure them ; or by making the 

 surface of the leaves and shoots distasteful to them. With a 

 foundation of soft-soap, and a small addition of anything 

 poisonous or deterrent according to fancy, each cultivator may 

 make for himself at a small cost a thoroughly serviceable 

 wash. 



"Shot Borer." "Apple-bark Beetle." " Pear Blight," Ay c- 



horiis (lisjiar, Fab. ; JJastrichiis ilispar, Fab. ; Xijleborus pijri, 

 Peck (of American writers). 



Xijlchui'us dhpar : Male and female beetle, luafinilied ; lines showiup; nat. length, 

 rium-stems, showing horizontal and perpendicular galleries. 



The following observations refer to the serious, and often 

 rapidly fatal, injury caused to young Plum trees by the 

 Xylehorus disjMV, or " Shot-borer," a very small dark brown 

 beetle, which until last year (1889), had been considered to be 



