342 PLUM. 



luitJi the precautions and in the exceedingly small ijroportioii 

 named), is entered on i?i detail, in order to give all requisite 

 information from the Reports of the Departments of Agricidturc 

 of Canada and America on this subject, of ichich Bihliographiccd 

 references are given at the end of this paper ; and the recent 

 searching trials of our oivn Fruit-growers' Conference at 

 Evesham, are cdso ai')pended. 



Prevention and Eemedies. — The points to be considered 

 lie under three main heads : — 1st, how to keep the wingless 

 moths from gaining access to the trees for egg-laying ; 2ndly, 

 if eggs are laid, how to destroy them or lessen their numbers 

 before hatching-time ; 3rdly, if caterpillars appear, how best 

 to get rid of them without injury to the leafage of the 

 infested trees. 



In order to keep the wingless moths from gaining access to 

 the trees, various kinds of apparatus have been recommended, 

 both in Germany and America, for stopping the moths, — 

 some of wood, some of bands of tin applied in various ways, 

 — but there are various objections to the use of these (at least 

 so it appears to me), partly from the care that has to be 

 taken to prevent harbourage of eggs, &c., beneath them, and 

 partly from the greater expense ; but if details are desired, I 

 will give information and a working drawing of the most 

 approved form, as noted in the U.S.A. report below referred 

 to,* to any applicant. In this exhaustive report on *' Canker- 

 worms," by Prof. Eiley, almost every point appears to be 

 entered on which may be of service for prevention of attack 

 similar to that of our Winter Moth, and various sticky 

 mixtures are mentioned and methods of applying them, but 

 the principle is the same as that of our own treatment. 

 Anything that is sticky enough to keep the moths from going 

 up the tree, and which can be so applied as not to hurt the 

 hark, will answer, whether it is tar, tar and oil, resin and oil, 

 bird-lime, printer's ink, slow-drying varnishes, or anything 

 else. Only, what is at hand, cheap, and has been proved to 

 be effective, is best ; and, so far as appears at present, none of 

 the extra-British methods of preventing the wingless moths 

 gaining access to the trees are to be preferred before the 

 methods of application of the plan of grease-banding, or of 

 sticky-banding, which have been worked forward by the 

 attention of some of our own leading fruit-growers, so as to 

 be easy and cheap of application, effective for purpose needed, 

 and also (which is a most important point), so managed in the 

 laying on as not to injure the hark. 



* Mucli useful information relatively to this class of attacks, and means of 

 prevention, is given in the chapter on "Canker-worins," pp. 157 — 197 of the 

 3rcl Eeport of the United States Entomological Commission published by the 

 Department of Agriculture, Washington, U.S.A., 1883. 



