B82 INTRODUCTION TO 



chafer ; Ladybirds ; Turnip " Fly," or Flea Beetle ; Weevils 

 of various species; and Wircworm Beetle.* 



2. EUPLEXOPTEEA (Westwood). —Earwigs. 



Earwig, with wings spread, magnified. 



The upper wings are minute and leathery, with the compa- 

 ratively very large under wings (as the name implies), 

 tightly folded beneath. The mouth is furnished with jaws, 

 and the end of the tail with pincer-like appendages. 



The larvae and pujJce are active, and much resemljle the 

 perfect insects in shape, except that the larvae are without 

 wing-eases or wings, and the puppe, although possessing wing- 

 cases, have only rudimentary wings. 



(This Order is sometimes known as Dcrmaptera, sldn- 

 winged.) 



3. OETHOPTEEA (Olivier). 

 Cockroaches, Crickets, Grasshoppers, &c. 



Upper wings leathery or iMrchment-like, very thickly veined. 

 Under wings, which are folded lengthwise or "straight" 

 beneath the upper pair, large, membranous, veined, with 

 larger veins placed somewhat in a fan-shape. The under 

 wings are absent in several species, and the upper wings in at 

 least one. 



Head generally large, upright, with the mouth at the 

 lowest part, and rather backward. Mandibles strong ; horns 

 usually thread-like. Legs long and robust. Abdomen joined 

 to the part of the body before it by its whole width, often 



* The agiicultural student will please observe that, although the grubs or 

 larval of the beetles ai'e so very variable in general shape, they may com- 

 monly be distinguished by the characteristics of having distinct scaly or horny 

 heads furnished with jaws, and no sucker-feet, excepting sometunes one jjair at 

 the tail. They have often, but, as shown (p. ;-581), not always, one pair of claw- 

 feet on each of the three segments next to the head. 



