ENTOMOLOGY. 



387 



the Sawflies {Tenthredinida:) the larvae are more Hke Butterfly- 

 caterpillars, and have usually, besides the six true feet, twelve 

 to sixteen sucker-feet. (The Corn Sawfly, see p. 94, is an 

 exception, being footless.) 



Turnip Sawtly (Atlialia sjihiariim) : caterpillars, pupa, and pupa-case. Sawfly, 

 magnified, with lines showing uat. size. 



Pupfe are inactive, with the limbs of the future insect dis- 

 tinguishable, but wrapped in sheaths and folded beneath the 

 breast. Change sometimes takes place in cocoons. 



This Order contains the families of Sawflies {Tenthredinidce) , 

 Sirices {Uroceridce), Gall-flies {Cijnipidce), Ichneumon-flies 

 (Ichneumonida) (and other kinds of Parasite-flies}, Ants 

 {Formicidcs) , Wasps {VespidcB), and various kinds of Bees 

 [Andrenidce and Apidie), classed under the head McUifcra. 



Marble-Gall Fly (Cynips /coiZa/v), magnified, with line showing expanse of wing; 



larva and pupa. 



For examples, see Oak-Gall Fly, Sawflies of various kinds, 

 and Sirex. 



The Order of Tlijmenoptcra is remarkable (and exceptional) 

 for the large number of sucker-feet usually possessed by the 

 larvee of the family of the Tenthredinidcs, which are sometimes 



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