viii PREFACE 



immediately following. The treatment of the subject matter is such as 

 to permit this. 



Many of the illustrations included are familiar. Where satisfactory 

 illustrations are already available, it is questionable whether new ones 

 are any gain, particularly when all are new to the student. In this 

 connection the author desires to express his grateful appreciation of the 

 kindness of Dr. W. E. Britton and the Connecticut Experiment Station, 

 and of Prof. J. S. Houser and the Ohio Experiment Station, for the pro- 

 vision of cuts from the publications of those Stations. He is much 

 indebted to Prof. E. D. Sanderson for the use of cuts taken from "Insect 

 Pests of Farm, Garden and Orchard" and from Sanderson and Jackson's 

 "Elementary Entomology," and to the publishers of these books, John 

 Wiley and Sons, Inc., and Ginn and Company respectively, as well as to 

 Dr. E. P. Felt who has kindly allowed the use of reproductions of illus- 

 trations taken from his publications. Dr. J. W. Folsom's kindness and 

 that of his publishers, P. Blakiston's Sons and Company in permitting 

 the use of illustrations from Dr. Folsom's book "Entomology with 

 Reference to its Biological and Economic Aspects," is also much appre- 

 ciated. Ginn and Company have kindly consented to the use of several 

 illustrations from Linville and Kelly's "Textbook in General Zoology," 

 and the side view of the parts of a grasshopper has been obtained by 

 permission of those in charge of the Natural History Survey of Connecti- 

 cut. The largest number of illustrations secured, however, has been 

 obtained through the kind permission of Dr. L. O. Howard of the U. S. 

 Bureau of Entomology to use many which are the property of the Bureau. 

 Photographs from various Experiment Station Reports and Bulletins 

 have also been freely drawn upon. The source from which, each illus- 

 tration has been obtained is indicated in every case. To all the persons 

 and companies above named, I desire to express my thanks. 



Any book such as this is necessarily a compilation. Probably there 

 are very few if any entomologists in this country who have worked per- 

 sonally on all the insects treated here. The only originality for it 

 which can be claimed therefore, is in the selection of the various topics 

 and their method of presentation. Errors have undoubtedly crept in, 

 and the author will appreciate having his attention called to any which 

 may be found. 



The author desires to express his appreciation of the aid in the pre- 

 paration of this book given him by his associates. Dr. G. C. Crampton, 

 Dr. W. S. Regan, and Mr. A. I. Bourne, who have gone over various 

 parts of it and have criticized and advised on those which they have 

 examined. Much of any value it may have is due to them, but for any 

 errors and incorrect statements which may be found, the author assumes 

 full responsibility. 



Amherst, March 1, 1921. H. T. FernaLD. 



