THE HYMENOPTERA 



349 



control of this pest. The injury these two species of Harmolita do varies all the 

 way from very little to an almost entire loss of the crop. 



Where clover seed production is extensive, considerable injury to the crop is 

 often caused by the Clover-seed Chalcid (Bruchophagus funebris How.). Red and 



Fig. 



364. — Adult female Wheat Joint-worm (Harmolita tritici Fitch), 

 {From U. S. D. A. Farm. Bull. 1006.) 



greatly enlarged. 



crimson clover, and alfalfa to some extent, are attacked by this tiny insect which 

 feeds as a larva within the seed. Another species works in a somewhat similar 

 way in apple seeds. 



A Chalcid whose presence is essential in connection with the produc- 

 tion of Smyrna figs, which is now becoming an important industry in 

 some parts of this country, is of interest for that reason. This insect, 



Fig. 365. — Fig fertilizer {Blastophaga grossorum Grav.). A, male, about fourteen times 

 natural size; B, female, about ten times natural size. {Reduced from, Henneguy.) 



known as Blastophaga grossorum Grav. (Fig. 365), and its relation to fig 

 production, are well described by Kellogg as follows: 



"The male Blastophagas are grotesque, wingless, nearly eyeless creatures 

 which never leave the fig in which they are bred, but the females are winged and 



