TNTDOBUOTODY. 51 



covers, about 75 cents ; Canada Balsam, 25 cents. A neat 

 and useful outfit can be had for $15.00, at C. Muller's, 185 

 Montgomery Street, San Francisco. Should the fruit grower 

 l)e unable to give half an hour of his time each day for such 

 investigations, the ladies and children of the household 

 should be trained to make observations that, when compared 

 with those of others, such information will be obtained as will 

 repay them for tlieir time and labor, \\lien the life history 

 and habits of any of these insects is learned to such an extent 

 as to 1)0 familiar with the metamorphoses (changes) as larva, 

 pupa (chrysalis), imago (perfect insect), the fruit grower can 

 then go to work intelligently to exterminate them. By fol- 

 lowing the above reconnnendations, the result gained will be 

 replacing theoretical by practical information. 



CHAPTER XVT. 



Mildew or Scab on the FoUage and Fruit of Apple and Pear Trees. 

 (Fusidadiiuii dentritlruin. — F. K. L.) 



For a number of years past the presence of what is com- 

 monly called mildew has been detected on the leaves of the 

 apple and pear trees, but so far as the leaves are concerned, 

 more abundant on the former. When the apple tree is at- 

 tacked by this fungus early in the season, the young fruit is 

 generally destroyed, and the leaves attacked hardly ever come 

 to perfection, as they appear to dry up and crumble to pieces. 

 On the pear leaf it is in the form of a brownish blotch. 



When the attack is first noticed on the young pears, it is in 

 the form of an irregular brownish spot on the skin ; this dark 

 spot or scab, as it is commonly called, does not penetrate 

 into the fruit to a great extent, but destroys the skin and forms 

 a hard surface, thus.j)reventing the growth of the fruit on and 

 immediately around the place attacked ; consequently when 

 the skin of the young fruit is attacked in one or more 2:)laces, 

 when it is full grown the surface is not uniform, and the mar- 

 ket value is thus decreased. That the fungus spores which 

 cause this fungus, or mildew, on the leaves and fruit of apple 



