60 INSECTS INFESTING THE APPLE TREE. 



antenna more highly magnified ; r, a male scale — colors, yellow 

 and brown ; ?>, a winged male, with Avings expanded — color, 

 gray ; rf, one of his legs, more highly magnified ; e, upper sur- 

 face of the wing, more highly magnified. 



It has been found very difficult to destroy this species, as 

 the scale or shell is fastened very securely to the wood, etc. ; 

 but late experiments have proven that the pest can be eradi- 

 cated. 



Remedies. — When the tree is dormant, use No. 18 — one 

 pound of the mixture to each gallon of water used. (Spray.) 



When the larvae are hatched and the tree is in leaf, use No. 

 (') — one pound of the mixture to each five quarts (1^ gallons) 

 of water used ; or, No. 5 or 7 — one pound to cncji gallon of 

 water used. (Spray.) 



CHAPTKK XX. 



The San Jose Scale. (Cal.) 



(Aspidiotiis pernirioi^ii'^. — Comstock.) 



Order, Hemiptera ; ) tt. ■^ /^ ^^ 

 c, , ' 1 TT Familv, CocciD.E. 



Sub-order, Ho:moptera ;) " ' 



[A small, nearly circular, and flattened scale insect infesting 

 deciduous fruit trees.] 



About the year 187o, this species of scale-insect appeared 

 in San -lose, Santa Clara County; at least, in that year it was 

 the first noticed by fruit-shi})pers as infesting the fruit. 



From that time until 1880 it spread rajtidly, and l)nt little 

 effort was made to exterminate it. In the Winter of 1S7'.» and 

 1880, some practical experiments were made which produced 

 such results as encouraged those who had entered upon the 

 work to make further efforts. In the Winter of 1881 and 1882, 

 extensive work was done throughout the infested districts, and 

 in many cases with excellent success. Unfortunately, in a 

 nunil)er of cases, solutions were applietl, such as a low grade 

 of coal oil that was in the market under the name of trrr irash, 

 which sold at about fourteen cents per gallon : and another 



