INSECTS INFESTINO THE APPLE TREE. 91 



fully grown (Fig. 64, Plate 1) they measure about one inch 

 and three lines in length ; they then leave the trees and con- 

 ceal themselves beneath the fallen leaves, etc., where each one 

 spins a whitish, parchment-like cocoon (Fig. 65, Plate 1) ; they 

 remain in this cocoon a long time before changing to pupa, 

 the moths not issuing until the following Summer. Speci- 

 mens in breeding cages changed to pupa in February, and 

 emerged from pupa March 20, 1883. As these specimens were 

 collected the previous September, it is possible the Notodonta 

 may be double-brooded. 



The fore-wings of the moth (Fig. Q'o, Plate 1) expand from 

 one inch to one inch and three lines ; are of a brownish color 

 along the hind margin, with the rest of the wing grayish, and 

 marked with dark brown and whitish ; the hind wings of the 

 male are brownish, or dirty white, with a brown spot at the 

 hind angle ; those of the female are dusky brown. This insect 

 is known to occur in large numbers in some portions of this 

 State. 



Remedies. — No. 97 and No. 20. 



CHAPTER XL. 



The Greater Leaf-roller. (Cal.) 



( LoxotR'nia rosaceana. — Harris. ) 



Order, Lepidoptera ; Family, Tortricid.e. 



[Living in a rolled leaf on the apple, cherry, rose, etc. ; a 

 greenish worm with a black or brownish head.] 



The larva brings the two opposite edges of a leaf nearly 

 together, and holds them in this position by means of a great 

 many silken threads ; in this case, or nest, it remains during 

 the greater part of the time, coming forth only to feed. It feeds 

 upon the leaf which forms its nest, and after eating itself out 

 of a habitation it repairs to another leaf and constructs a simi- 

 lar shelter. In this way it proceeds until reaching its full 

 growth, when it lines the interior of its case with a fine layer 

 of silk, and soon afterwards assumes the pupa form. The full 



