120 INSECTS INFESTING THE PEAR TREE. 



second, early in July. When the larvae of the second brood are 

 full grown they enter the earth, and remain unchanged until 

 the following Spring. Harris says, referring to the first brood : 



" It seems that all of them, however, do not finish their 

 transformations at this time ; some are found to remain in the 

 ground unchanged till the following year, so that if all the 

 slugs of the last hatch in any one year should happen to be 

 destroyed, enough from a former brood would still remain in 

 the earth to continue the species." 



There are apparently but two broods in each year. 



Larva length, five and one half lines. Perfect insect, body 

 shining black, nearly three and one half lines long; expanse 

 of wings, six lines ; wings transparent ; lower part of fore 

 anterior legs, dirty-white. 



Remedies. — Use No. 61 and No. 63. 



CHAPTER LXII. 



The Pear-leaf Caterpillar. (Cal.) 



{Nematus Sp?) 



Order, Hymenoptera ; Family, Tenthredixid j>. 



[A small twenty-footed caterpillar, feeding upon the foliage 

 of the pear tree.] 



Considerable damage has been done to pear trees in the 

 Sacramento Valley by a small green caterpillar (of a saw-fly) 

 eating the leaves. In some orchards the varieties of pear trees 

 which were the first to put forth their leaves were seriously 

 infested, and not only injuring the crop of fruit on the trees 

 by destroying the foliage, but also the crop of the next year. 



NATURAL HISTORY. 



About the time the leaves begin to appear, the eggs are 

 deposited in a small slit or opening made b}^ the ovipositor of 

 the female fly in the surface of the leaf. These are hatched 

 in about ten days. 



