INSFXTS INFESTING THE OLIVE. 



The Black Scale (Lecanium olece) 84 



The Olive Worm (VaaiA oletie) 85 



The following insects also infest the olive : 

 The Greedy Scale (Atipidiotux rapax). 

 The Red Bay Scale (Aapidiotus perseoe). 

 The Branch and Twig Biirrower (Polycaon 



confertus) . 



CHAPTER LXXXIV. 



The Black Scale. (Cal.) 

 ( Lccanluin ulccv. — Bernard. ) 



Order, Hemiptera ; } 

 Sub-order, Homoptera ;^ 



Family, Coccid.e. 



[A dark brown beniispherieal scale insect, or bark-louse, 

 which infests all varieties of citrus trees, and nearly all varie- 

 ties of deciduous fruit trees, and many shrubs, vines, etc.] 



The ]>lack scale is more generally found in the orchards and 

 gardens of California than any other species of the CoccidrV. 



It infests the orange, lemon, lime, olive (Fig. 122, 1,) aj^ple, 

 pear, peach, apricot, plum, prune, cherry and pomegranate 

 trees. In the garden, it infests the honeysuckle, chrysanthe- 

 mum, rose, oleander, and many other plants ; and this, or a 

 closely allied species, infests the forest trees. The presence of 

 this species can be readily detected by the appearance on the 

 branches, foliage and fruit of a black smut, known to scien- 

 tists as Fnmago salicina, and the cause of its production is a 

 question upon which authorities differ. I am convinced, from 

 practical investigation, and also from information received 

 from Mr. Alexander Craw, and Mr. Wolfskill, of Los Angeles, 

 and the late A. B. Clark, of Orange, Los Angeles County, 

 that the l)lack smut is caused by a honeydew exuded by the 

 females of the black scale insect, in the stage of their life 



