INSECTS INFESTING ORANGE TREES, ETC. 155 



one quarter lines in diameter ; exuviae or cast skin in center, 

 yellowish ; second larval skin easily distinguished. 



Male scale (Fig. 128, Ir) a little darker in color and smaller 

 than the female scale ; form, elongated ; exuvise nearest the 

 anterior end. 



Eg(j8. — It is thought by some writers that the females of 

 this species are viviparous. I have watched the female insect 

 ovipositing, and immediately examined the egg or sack under 

 a microscope, using a high power, and could not detect any 

 appendages ; however, in twenty-four hours I noticed the pres- 

 ence of antennas and legs. The insect produces from two to 

 four of these eggs or sacks in twenty-four hours, and the num- 

 ber produced by each female is from twenty to forty -three ; 

 the latter is the highest number I have found. 



In the month of September, 1882, I found a lemon at an 

 orchard in Los Angeles County, on which the larvae of thirty- 

 nine male scale insects had located around the stem of the 

 fruit, and as there was only one matured scale on the lemon, 

 this was evidently the number produced by one female. Larva 

 color, bright yellow ; form, ovoid ; length, one eightieth of an 

 inch; antennas, six-jointed; anal setse, present. 



Female (Fig. 129) — color, light or primrose-yellow when the 

 scale is formed, but as it reaches maturity it becomes a brown- 

 ish-yellow. The formation of the body is such that under the 

 scale, when examined with a lens, its appearance is that of a 

 broken ring, but when ovipositing the posterior end of the 

 abdomen extends beyond the circular line of the body. The 

 color of the natural insect is shown through the nearly trans- 

 parent scale from which it derives its common name — Red Scale. 

 Male (Fig. 128, la) — color of body, amber- 

 !i^«r7S!^ yelloAv, with dark marking on thorax ; eyes, 



black. 



Fig. 129. — Female Red Scale Insect, en- 

 larged, ventral view — color, yellow. 



The young larvse can be found at all seasons 

 of the year, and there are probably four or five 

 broods in each year. 



