SCIENTIFIC NOTES. 73 



very few dry forms about were in first rate condition. At this place 

 there are two hundred and nineteen days of the year on which more 

 or less rain falls. In North-east Sumatra, as pointed out many years 

 ago by Dr. Martin, the wet and dry forms occur indiscriminately all 

 the year round, though rain falls nearly every week in the year. In 

 Ceylon they also occur thus, but to a much less marked extent, there 

 is a more gradual substitution of one form by the other ; this is also 

 the case in Bombay. In India generally the changes are more abrupt, 

 and in Mauritius this is even more so, as I have elsewhere indicated. 

 The seasonal forms of this and many other tropical butterflies have 

 hitherto been considered as some form of cryptic defence against the 

 attacks of birds, reptiles, and predatory insects ; but inasmuch as the 

 forms of this butterfly and many others I could mention occur thus 

 indiscriminately without detriment to the species, if one may judge by 

 their numbers, it would seem that this explanation, though perhaps 

 partly true, is inadequate, and the whole subject of these seasonal 

 changes may have eventually to be written from another standpoint. 



(6) J'iipiiio Hieiinwn, Resting habit of. — This butterfly rests on the end 

 of a leaf or spray with expanded wings at about ten feet from the 

 ground, it is quite conspicuous. P. pnlytes and P. tainoiajta (a local 

 race of P. paris) do the same, but in these latter the forewings droop 

 sufficiently to cover the conspicuous eye-like spots on the hindwings. 



(7) Telicada nijsens, Resting habit of. — This settles for the night three 

 or four together head downwards and concentrically on the top of a 

 seeded dandelion or similar plant, the mottled black and white under- 

 side of the hindwings with their black hind border make a very close 

 resemblance to a seeding flower-head. — Lt. Col. N. Manders, R.A.M.C, 

 F.E.S., London. FebrHcirij 1st, 1912. 



HyrRCEciA ckinanensis, Burrows, in the Tutt collection. — 

 Amongst the Hydroecias, which I purchased at the sale of the first 

 part of the " Tutt " Collection, and consisting of a portion only of his 

 series, were 31 labelled llijdruecia Incens, Fr., and 88 labelled H. 

 palndis, Tutt. The Rev. C. R. N. Burrows has been kind enough to 

 examine the genitalia of all the II. Incena, and tells me that they 

 consist of 18 H. crina7U'nsis, Burrows, and 13 H. litcens, Fr. Six of the 

 H. crinanensis (four ^ s, two $ s) are from Wicklow, and were taken 

 in 1890, earlier than any recorded up to the present, though no doubt 

 still earlier specimens will be discovered when some of the older 

 collections are systematically examined. Eleven (ten ^ s, one 5 ) are 

 labelled " Ben Beulah, 1893." Ben Beulah, or Bheula, is on the 

 south side of Loch Fyne, at the head of Loch Eck, in Argyleshire, and 

 not very far from the Crinan Canal. The remaining specimen, a 

 male, is labelled " Morpeth, 1895," and is, I believe, the oldest 

 recorded English specimen. In no case was the name of the captor 

 given. Morpeth, in Northumberland, and Wicklow are both new 

 localities for this species, and the former is especially interesting as it 

 is a good deal nearer the east coast of Great Britain than any other 

 known hitherto. Of the specimens labelled IJ. /lalinli^, Tutt, 33 are 

 from the South of England, and have not been examined, but five 

 specimens from Sligo (one 3 var. paludis-fiam, one ? var. iiriaea- 

 flam, one J and two 2 s var. inteniudia-flarn), caught between 1880 

 and 1885, have all been pronounced by Mr. Burrows to be //. Ikcchs, 

 Fr. A very pale male is probably one of those referred to in the 



