LEPIDOPTERA IN AND AROUND GIBRALTAR. 173 



train to Castillar, about an hour's run, situated at the far end of the 

 cork woods and about 20 miles from Gibraltar, and walked back to 

 Campomento. Tlieator balliis, both males and females, were in great 

 profusion in a meadow about half a mile from the station, all in good 

 condition. Further on in the cork woods I took Goneptcryx cleopatra, 

 both males and females, but the former sex predominating. This 

 species appeared to be very common in the woods, but difficult to 

 capture. It was very fond of the flower of the Greater Periwinkle 

 {Vinca major), which grows in these woods in great profusion. Only 

 two specimens of Leptosia sinapis were met with. This species 

 appears to be very local here, only frequenting certain spots 

 in the woods, but at this date it was not properly out yet. 

 Further on I took two Hesperiids, which I think are Krunnis alceae, 

 they were flitting about on the sandy patches in the hot sun. Kucldo'e 

 eup/unwiiles was in great profusion, the males predominating, indeed the 

 ? s were rather scarce as I only took three specimens. I met with one 

 specimen of the Arctiid, Arctia latrcillei, resting on bracken ; it was a 

 fresh specimen, and the only one I have ever seen here. A light 

 coloured example of Ramicia pJdaeas was met with evidently just out 

 of pupa. We now came to a piece of moorland country, where insect 

 life did not seem very abundant, but lizards were plentiful, especially 

 the green species, iiird life was also very abundant. Towards San 

 Roque, a town about six miles from Gibraltar, insect life was again in 

 evidence, and I took two specimens of Anthocharis [Kuchloe) helia var. 

 aiiHonia ab. eaperi and observed several more, but this species is difficult 

 to capture owing to its rapid flight over broken ground. After passing 

 San Roque nothing was observed, as we were traversing rather barren 

 ground, and we arrived at Campomento about 4.30 p.m., having 

 covered about 18 miles. Among other species noted during the day 

 were Thais rtiiiiina, Callophri/s riibi, common, Pieris hrassicae, P. rapae, 

 Pyrameis atalanta, P. cardtii, Paran/e iiiej/aera, and P. aeijcria, typical 

 form, all very abundant. The day was cloudy with bursts of brilliant 

 sunshine, but not so hot as to make walking tedious. 



On March 24th, while the ship was at anchor at Gibraltar, I took 

 two specimens of Phryxiis livoniica which had flown on board. 



On April 6th I again went out to Castillar by train and walked 

 back to Gibraltar, and did not go straight through the cork woods as 

 before, but kept more to the open country. The day was cloudless 

 but with a strong wind blowing, which tempered the heat somewhat. 

 I took two specimens of Papilio podalirins and one of P. machann, all 

 three large specimens and apparently only just emerged. These were 

 the only examples of the genus Papilio I have seen. Thais rumina 

 was common, but very much worn, and of Leptosia sinapis I took a 

 good series of both sexes. Eitchloe ca)-da)iiines, males and females, 

 were common and just out, and both sexes of E. euphenoides were also 

 common. I observed one or two Goneptery.v rhamni, G. cleopatra, 

 both sexes common, Pyraineis cardui, and P. atalanta, both common, 

 Paranje aeyeria, P. nieyaera, and Ruinicia phlaeas, all common, Thestor 

 balbis, both sexes common locally, Callophrys ritbi was very common, 

 Polyoiiimatiis icariis and Aricia niedon {astrarche), not very common. 



On April 17th I captured a specimen of the large Saturniid, 

 Sattirnia ])avonia-)iiajor, which flew to the electric light on board. 



On April 20th T again took the train to Castillar and walked back 



