NOTES (»N THE GENUS COLEOPHORA. 1 8l> 



no doubt, passed this species over many times, and but for the black 

 quadrate mark at the base of each forewing, I should have missed 

 seeing it on many more occasions. One of its favourite resting places 

 is just where a flake of bark is partly separated from the surface. 

 Under this flake the moth will push its wings and body, just leaving 

 its head and shoulders visible. Rut probably all unknown to the 

 insect itself, the black basal marks betray its presence to the practised 

 eye. When alarmed it sometimes attempted to withdraw further into 

 its retreat. At other times it would make a rapid run of a quarter of 

 an inch and take wing like a miniature aeroplane, except that all was 

 done in perfect silence. When July was well advanced, Blastodacva 

 atra, Hw. {rijiolentella, H.S.), might sometiiiies be seen as a dark 

 object on the stems of the apples. B. hellcrella occurred earlier in the 

 year on hawthorn stems, close by. In August I never found very 

 much on these stems except the Heniipteron, I'luitocoiin tiliae, then 

 in the perfect state. I have my suspicions that this insect may 

 sometimes make a meal off a moth, if it happens to capture one at 

 rest. Among the moths noticed, there were a few common Geometers 

 and one or two Noctuae, such as might be seen in any suburban 

 garden, but they were not in sufficient abundance to warrant any 

 notes on their habits. Perhaps the only exception was Kiijiithecia 

 irctoniiulatn var. iiii/roxericeata. I noticed that this moth usually 

 preferred to rest, not on the tree trunk, but on the lower surface of one 

 of the horizontal branches, where it was very well hidden. 



Notes on the Various Species of the Genus Coleophora. 



B.y Hy. J. TURNER, F.E.S. 

 During the years 1904-5-6-7 I paid considerable attention to the 

 genus Cnlenphnro and made a large number of obsei-vations on the 

 larval habits, etc. Notes on some of the species were from time to 

 time conti'ibuted to the pages of this magazine, but for some reason or 

 another they were discontinued. I now propose to put my notes in 

 order and publish them as opportunity offers. Of the ova I have 

 detailed notes in nine species, and as they were photographed most 

 successfully by my friend Mr. F. Noad-Clark, plates can be given as 

 well as descriptions. Mr. Sich will no doubt add any notes of his own 

 on the species I have observed. The observations thus collected will 

 be at the service of some monographer of the future, who may wish to 

 add to the volumes of Tutt's British Lepidoptera series. 



Coleophora therinella. 



For my first introduction to the larvae and cases of thif? 

 species I am indebted to the kindness of Mr. Eustace Bankes, 

 They were obtained near Dartmouth and were feeding on the 

 common thistle, ('ardniis armisis. They reached me on Sep- 

 tember 23rd, 1904. The cases were long and thin, cylindrical 

 in shape, tapering somewhat, but very gradually, towards the anal 

 extremity. Normally the cases are three valved at the anal end. 

 but most of them at the time they reached me were very indefinite in 

 the valve structure. Apparently they had only just been enlarged, as 

 the extremity was very thin and scarcely lined with the internal layer 

 of closely woven silk, which forms a strengthening and definitely edges 



