NOTES ON THE GENUS COLEOPHORA. 186 



The anal segment has a large black plate covering the whole of the 

 dorsum, and the anal claspers have each a small round black plate at 

 the base of the outside towards the rear, separated above from the 

 anal dorsal plate by a narrow suture. 



The sides of the three thoracic segments are furnished each with a 

 side plate, uniformly round and approximately of the same size, except 

 that, if anything that on segment two is the largest. 



There are four pairs of abdominal claspers, comparatively well 

 developed. 



The thoracic legs are furnished with a black plate quite at the base 

 of the front, so much so that it is only apparent when the larva is in 

 active movement. The first pair of legs are black tipped, and each 

 leg is protected by a very small black plate on its outer, more exposed 

 surface. These plates do not exactly cover the legs but leave lighter 

 inter-joint spaces. 



On the underside towards the back of thoracic segment three, there 

 are two longitudinal black plates separated in the middle by a space 

 somewhat less than the length of one of the plates. 



The general coloration of the body of the larva is light clay-brown 

 without a trace of yellow, very uniform, except in the thoracic inter- 

 segmental spaces where it is still paler." 



The case is cylindrical, but not of uniform diameter. The largest 

 diameter is about one-third of the distance from the mouth end, from 

 which the taper is very gradual near the anal end, where there is a 

 slight constriction jwst before the valve pieces project out at their 

 closely adpressed edges. There is a very slightly raised sutural ridge 

 along the ventral side of the case, not always apparent. All the sutures 

 of the three valved anal opening are strongly marked when fully com- 

 pleted, bowing outwards and turning round abruptly towards a very 

 blunt apex, the meeting place of the termination of the three sutural 

 ridges. The surfaces of all the three valves are very concave. On the 

 inside the silken lining is very dark, probably stained by a larval 

 secretion, as the case is clear white during construction and for a short 

 time after it has been completed. 



The slightly turned-out edge of the mouth opening is margined with 

 a very fine, very dark line, more intense than the colour of the lining of 

 the interior of the case. The outer surface of the case becomes a very 

 dirt^' whitish-brown or actually a dingy earthy colour. Close observa- 

 tion shows numerous more or less obscure longitudinal parallel ridges 

 from head to tail, more distinct on the underside, converging towards 

 the ends, and, of course, more rapidly to the head than to the tail, as 

 the major diameter is nearer the head. These are not apparent at all 

 on the back. Presumably these are the lines of cleavage and insertion 

 of new material at the different periods of enlargement of the case. 



I have had no chance of observing the young larval case of this 

 species, but judging from the remains noted on numbers of cases, it 

 would appear that the primary case of the larva of this species has 

 only a two valved anal aperture. 



Since the imagines of this species fly in July and August, and 

 the larvae are practically fullfed by mid- September, it does not seem 

 probable that the larvte of one year are the offspring of the imagines 

 of the same year. This view is supported by the evidence of the 

 remains of the primary (?) larval cases in a very weatherworn condi- 



