192 THE ESTOMOL()(tISt's RECOKIi. 



yai'den. Not luorc than ii quarter of an hour later i again looked for 

 the larva to make sure 1 had correctly determined the species and, to 

 my surprise, found that it had almost completed the process of pupa- 

 tion, with the exception of finally attaching its cremaster to the silken 

 pad. Hy a series of efforts, in which the pupa hunched itself up and 

 then extended its still soft and pliant body towards the pad, it mounted 

 upwards and, of course, tail- foremost over its lately doffed larval skin 

 which was all bunched up and, in some manner, held firmly close 

 under the silken pad. At each of these efforts, four or five in number, 

 I noticed that the anal claspers (still clearly discernable) opened and 

 closed as the body stretched out and curved in the dii-eetion of the 

 pad, towards which the pupa gradually progressed. How it managed 

 to hold on during this operation I failed to observe. On reaching its 

 goal, the anal claspers opened and closed for the last time and gripped 

 hold of the cone-shaped pad and then the pupa started a wriggling 

 motion from side to side and in this way firmly attached itself to the 

 silk. This side-to-side movement was continued until the discarded 

 larval skin was dislodged and had fallen to the ground. The pupa 

 was slightly malformed, one wing-case being rather undersized, and. 

 as I expected, the imago which emerged on May 26th had small 

 misshapen wings on one side. This species has been on the wing in 

 the Wye Valley district since May 9th. — .1. F. Bird, Sylvan View, 

 Brockwell, nr. Chepstow. .Inuf 10?//, 1912. 



C^URRENT NOTES AND SHORT NOTICES. 



The late Mr. •). W. Tutt, having directed his Executors to complete 

 the partly published volume of J>ritls/i HHtterjUev so far as the MSS. 

 extended, the Executors wish to record their indebtedness to the Rev. 

 Geo. Wheeler, M.A., F.Z.S., F.E.S. (author of ":6utterflies of 

 Switzerland and the Alps of Central Europe "), who has most kindly, 

 consented to arrange these in conformity with the rest of the 

 volume and to see them through the press. Part xi. has now been issued 

 consisting of three plates, the completion of the section devoted to 

 Poliioiiiinatuii icanifi and a portion of the synonymy of Aricia tuedtm 

 {astro re he). The succeeding parts will be issued from time to time as 

 the MSS. are prepared for printing. : 



The ('(iitadidii Kntoniiilixiist for May contains a very useful up-io- 

 date map, illustrating the Faunal Zones of North America. This is 

 particularly useful at the iiresent time to those who are actively 

 engaged in collecting and collating the material for the "Catalogue of 

 the Insects of Canada and Newfoundland," to which reference was 

 made in these pages some months ago. 



In an article in Fascicule 10 of the liidl. Soc. h'.nt. dc France, M. 

 F. le Cerf endeavours to clear up the confusion hitherto existing be- 

 tween the different local races of F.pinephele Jitrtina and H. tebneasia, 

 basing his results largely upon an investigation of the genitalia. He 

 recognises the following local forms: /•-'. jnrtina: I''., jiirtina var. 

 /W/•^(»ot<f (Algeria) ; K. jiirtina var. /wrsica (Persia); F. jnrtina <rexi. 

 JUS. Idaindla (S. Europe); A', telniesaia : l\. telincssia var. oreas (Persia); 

 K. teliiiessia var. Icnrdistana (Kurdistan); and A,', tehnessia var. uianioloides 

 (Persia) ; he gives six diagrams in illustration of his remarks. 



We have received the l-'urtn-Sccond Aimiial Ht'/iort of the Kntniini- 

 Idt/iral Soclcti/ oi' Ontario, 1911. The Report is mainly an account of 



