1867.] 57 
Lepidoptera observed during an exc.ursionin Italy and Switzerland. — lu travelling 
through Italy and Switzerland in 1866, 1 devoted a little time to Entomology ; but 
what ^vith other fascinating objects which allure the wandering Homo, my time for 
collecting was much reduced. 
The following list contains the result of my pei-egrinations ; but, before 
beginning it, it will be as well to say a few things about the various localities 
mentioned therein. 
Rome. I was here from the end of March to the beginning of May. My usual 
hunting-ground was among the Ilexes and in the meadows of the beautiful grounds 
of the Villa Borghese, well known to all visitors of the "Eternal City." 
Capri, where I was in May, is a little island at the extremity of the Bay of 
Naples. It is nearly surrounded by high precipices of Cretacean limestone, of 
which the island principally consists. The surface of the island is very hilly, there 
being scarcely a level place on it. The central valley of the island consists of 
Eocene sandstone and marl, covered by volcanic dejections. 
Florence, which I visited in June, is about 174 feet above the sea. The hills 
surrounding it consist of sandstone and limestone ; but the Valley of the Arno, in 
which my hunting-ground, the Cascine, lay, is a modern alluvial deposit. 
Corao (or rather Cernobbis, on Lake Como), where I was in July, is about 700 
feet above the sea. 
Le Prese, in the Canton Orisons, S-n-itzerland, is on the Italian side of the 
Bernina Pass, and about 3,000 feet above the sea. 
Pontresina, on the other side of the Bernina Pass, is about 6,000 feet above 
the sea. I can but echo Mr. Stainton's remarks (vide Annual for 1866, and 
Ent. Mag.) on this delightful valley of the Inn (Engadine). I never saw so many 
insects in my life ; and yet I fancy that if the pi-evious season were bad there, 1866 
was worse. In short, Pontresina and the Engadine generally is a kind of entomo- 
logical and botanical paradise. The rocks of the Bernina range are schistous. 
The book I have employed in determining the species not occurring in Britain, 
is Mr. Kirby's excellent " Manual of European Butterflies," of which I can only say 
that I wish he would continue his labours and give us a manual for European moths. 
I find, however, that the list of Italian species given in Appendix I. is not quite so 
complete as it might be, many species that I observed not being mentioned therein. 
These species (which number 32 for Italy and 3 for Switzerland) I have indicated 
in the following list by an *. Where I have especially recorded the month in which 
a species was observed, it is because the true appearance observed is different from 
that given by Mr. Kirby. 
Rhofalocera. 
* rapUio Podalirius; neighbourhood of Lake Como, Italy. Tliisonce reputed 
British species seems specially to affect roads, on the dust and mud of which it 
loves to sit and walk. * P. Machaon L. ; Rome and Capri. 
Parnassius Apollo, L. ; Le Prese and Pontresina. Strong on the wing. 
Aporia cratcegi, L. ; Le Prese, in July. 
* Pieris Irassicce, L. ; Rome, Capri, Florence. P. napi, L. ; Rome, Florence. 
P. rapce, L. ; Rome. * P. Daplidice, L. ; Rome, Capri. 
* Anthocaris Tagis, H. ; Capri. * A. cardamines, L. ; Rome, Capri. 
