1867.] 87 
colour as the back, and the face a pale shining whitish-green, the horns in front 
bluish-green, which colour extends as a stripe down each side the face, the tips of 
the horns brownish-red, and a little below they have a few raised black dots. 
When full-fed it spins a large quantity of silk on the under-side of a leaf, to 
which it attaches itself by the anal prologs, and slightly with the anterior pair of 
ventral ones, and remains motionless for about four days ; it then relaxes its hold 
by the ventral legs and hangs down, suspended only by the anal pair, and within 
an hour the transfonnation to a pupa is complete. 
The form of the pupa is broad and flattened on the sides, the outline of the 
abdomen and wing-cases nearly straight, while that of the back forms a very obtuse 
angle, having a thin and rather sharp ridge, projecting to a point about midway, 
from which it slopes off to the anal point and to the head, which has a short, 
pointed, and flattened, forked pair of appendages ; seen only from the back or front 
it would appear a rather long and slender pupa in comparison with a side view. 
Its colour is a very pale whitish-green, with whitish oblique lines on the sides, 
also nervures on the wing-cases and dorsal ridge. In three weeks the perfect 
insect was disclosed. — Id. 
Descriptions of four varieties of the larva ofEpunda nigra. — I am indebted to the 
kindness of the Rev. J. Hcllius for many examples of the very beautiful larva3 of 
tliis species collected in the spring of 1866 by Mr. Thomas Terry and others, found 
chiefly on Galium molliigo and other low plants, though in confinement they pre- 
ferred hawthorn. 
When full-grown, they attained from an inch and a-half to an inch and three- 
quarters in length, and were cylindrical, of nearly uniform thickness, with the head 
rounded, and but little smaller than the second segment, the anal segment tapering 
at the extremity. 
They were full-fed from the middle of May to the 10th of June, and the motha 
emerged towards the end of October. 
There are several very distinct varieties, and others that may be subdivided 
into further variations, but it will be sufficient to give details of four, distinct in 
colour. 
1. Ground colour a brilliant pale yellow-green, sometimes a very bright grass- 
green, others of a bright olive-green, deepest in tint at the extremities, and often 
suffused with pink anteriorly. 
The dorsal broad stripe in some being faintly blackish, in others reddish, but 
intensely black or red, forming a dark mark just at the beginning of each segment; 
in others this dark spot is confluent with the two anterior tubercular large black 
dots, thus forming blunt arrow-head marks pointing forwards. The sub-dorsal 
stripe of red or blackish is sometimes complete, but oftener interrupted in the 
middle of each segment ; the skin-folds at the incisions are bright yellow. 
The spii'acles in all varieties are white, placed in semi-circular black marks, 
and immediately beneath them is a narrow stripe of pale sulphur-yellow or of 
greenish-yellow ; belly and legs pale green, tipped with red at their extremities. 
The tubercular dots are sometimes absent, but when visible are black, and the anterior 
pair very much larger than the pair behind them. The head green suffused with 
