12k Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-lS 
June 1-9 
Excepting the flies mentioned as appearing in May, few insects are seen on 
the wing even in the beginning of June. Two kinds of flies, however, were 
observed on Barter island, Alaska; the bro"\\Ti species of Scatophaga and minute, 
black ones, common around freshwater ponds after June 1. In exceptionally 
early seasons, the Bomhus queens may be out. (PL IV, figs. 1-2). 
The greatest number of insects on the ground, besides those mentioned 
under May, were: 
Under driftwood : colonies of Homoptera (wool lice ?) 1 . 3 mm. long, clustered 
to or creeping slowly on the lower side of or in the cracks of logs. They have 
dark antennae and legs, and are flesh-coloured, with a white-grey "coat" especi- 
ally dorsally, of waxy, grey secretions. The slender, worm-like mycetophihd (?) 
larvae of a transparent white or yellow brown colour, besides collembola, mites, 
etc., are found in rotten driftwood. 
In the tundra moss, carabid beetles and various larvae of coleoptera and 
tipulids, T. arctica, etc., flies, both adults and pupae, spiders, mites, etc., and 
small orange-coloured Cecidomyia larvae half hidden in the corners of wet 
sphagnum leaves, are found. 
Larvae and cocoons of Gynaephora rossi with or without parasitic tachinid 
pupae are also seen on the tundra, the larvae feeding on Salix buds and Saxifraga 
oppositifolia leaves. 
In the ice-free tundra ponds young mosquito larvae (Aedes sp.) of various 
sizes, besides copepods, "winter eggs" of Daphnia pulex, etc., are present. 
June 10-20 
The most conspicuous insects now seen for the first time, are queens of 
bumblebees (Bomhus sylvicola, B. polaris, etc.) mostly in strong speed and high 
flight the first days, but later feeding on the male catkins of the various species 
oi Salix just out. 
Flies {Cynomyia cadaverina, Scaeva pyrastri, etc.) are now also out. A black 
and white striped species (Syrphus sodalis?) is typical of the higher, dry places 
on the tundra; when approached they rise and hover for a while before flying 
away. The first sawflies, Amauronematus sp. and ichneumonids (Aptesius 
nivarius) were seen; the flight of the former is much like that of ants, and only 
lasts for a short while. 
The various arthropods found earlier in the season under stones, driftwood, 
etc., have now come out from their hiding places. Minute, brown beetles may 
be seen on the wing on calm, sunny days; and the various carabidae (Asaphidion 
sp., Amara brunnipennis, etc.) besides an occasional curculionid or chrysomelid 
beetle (Chrysomela subsulcata) are found on the tundra, and various spiders 
(Lycosa pictilis, etc.), small hemiptera, etc., and immature stages of various 
insects. 
In the tundra ponds are spiders and small flies (Leptocera transversalisf) , 
besides the common, aquatic animals, such as small trichopterous larvae, 
dytiscid-beetles, mosquito and tipulid larvae, mites, etc. 
June 21-30 
At the end of June a number of flying insects are out — the first tipulid 
adults (Stygeropis porryi, etc.,) mosquitoes (a few Aedes sp.), and tineoid 
imagines (Eucosma sp.\ These small moths and the hemiptera {Euscelis 
hyperboreus) are characteristic of places having rich vegetation {Salix, grasses, 
etc.), in shelter of tundra-b'uffs, where the many dead leaves afford good colour 
protection (brown). On approach the microlepidoptera fly up in a fluttering 
swirl, and suddenly drop, which makes them difficult to observe and cat 1: . 
Bomhus arcticus queens and various flies and sawflies were also found. 
