22k 
Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18 
July 1-15 
Oxytroyis arctobia 
Parry a arclica 
Eutrema Edwardsii 
Silene acauHs 
Alopccnriis alpinus 
CocMearia groenJandica 
Anemone narviflora (probably earlier)- 
Arctostaphylos alpiiia 
Stellaria longipes, S. humifusa 
Oxyt7'oi)is caiiipeslris 
Castilleja pallida 
A rt c uiisia hyp erborea 
Cassiope tetragona 
Papaver nudicaule 
Plantago lanceolata 
Astragalus aboriginorum 
HespciHs jjallasii 
Carex spp. 
Eriophomm agustifolium 
I! anuncitlus affin is 
Equisetum arvense 
Rhododendron lapponicaiii 
Potentilla spp. 
Pedicnlaris spp. (.arclica, etc.) 
Primula stricta 
Erigeron coiiipositns (probably 
■earlier). 
Saxifragu tricuspidata, S. decipiens 
Lychnis apetala 
Chrysanthemuyn integrifolium 
Statice armeria (probably earlier) 
Saxifraga hirculus, S. rivularis 
Lychnis affinis 
Taraxacum ceratophorum (probablj- 
earlier) . 
Halianthus peploides 
Androsacc septentrionalis 
Mertensia maritima 
Salix reticulata 
Arnica alpina 
Drab a nivalis 
Antennaria alpina 
Erigeron tmiflorus 
Senecio palustris 
Ce rast in m a Ipinum 
INSECT LIFE 
Observations for Winters 1914-lo and 1915-16 
Insects are scarce in the neighbourhood of Bernard harl)our from October to 
April, inclusive. The best collecting places during the winter are under the 
shingles — -mostly limestone — particularly upon peninsulas and points, where 
various orange or olive-coloured collembola, besides small reddish mites {Bryohia 
praetiosa), and the common small spiders are common. Of other insects only 
small hemiptera, flies, staphylinid beetles, beetle-larvse, or caterpillars, and 
occasionall.y a frozen tipulid larva were observed. 
No insects were seen on the wing, but parasitic insects, both the mallophag i 
on the birds, and the fleas and lice on the mammals and Eskimos, were observed. 
Most conspicuous, however, are the larvae of the bot-fly (Oedemagena tarandi) 
in the caribou (Rangifer arcticus). In November, the grubs are about 1 mm. 
long, and are found under the skin or in the muscles of their host. They were 
about 2 mm. long and were encysted on the inner side of their host's skin and in 
the muscles. The bigger ones had already perfected their emergence holes 
through the skin and h'ld their posterior end (spiracles) turned toward these 
openings. 
The lakes and ponds contain a large amount of invertebrates during the 
winter. The insects secured in these lakes were mainly midge larvae or pupse in 
their mud-tubes (Tanytarsus sp.) the same stages of trichoptera, and other 
neuropteroids, perlids, etc., probably are also present, l)esides v/ater mites 
(Lebertia porosa, etc.). 
The summer weather at Bernard harbour in 1916 begun about the end of 
May, but wintry weather predominated during the first half of June, with the 
net result that insect and plant life was considerably retarded, though earlier 
than in 1915. 
May 1-10, 1915 
Collembola, (Isotonta viridis, Entoniobrya coniparata, etc.), carabid (Lebia, sp. 
etc.), and staphylinid beetles were noted. Empty hymenoptera cocoons were 
very common under stones. These cocoons and the empty fly-puparia also 
found under stones or among plants, are from the previous year, or still older. 
May 1-10, 1916 
Flies came out, but became numerous only with the warm weather. They 
probably represent individuals which hibernated as adults. On patches free of 
^now, caterpillars and smaller more occult living insects may be seen (PI. IX, 
fig. 1). 
