26k Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18 
In the harbour creek perlid larvae were noticed. In the ponds mosquito 
larvse (Aedes sp.) were abnost full grown; those placed for rearing (No. 109) 
began pupating two days later, and the adults emerged during the first week 
in July. Large dipterous larvae (tipulid) burrowing in the mud were also seen 
June 11-20, 1915 
On June 18, the first bumblebees (queens) of the year were noticed, but 
none were caught. On the same day some small flies {Fucellia punctipennis) 
were seen half jumping, half flying on the loose sand of an exposed slope. 
Minute diptera were observed on a snow-free, gravelly flat, but they did not 
congregate in swarms. Though flying insects were few, large numbe-'s of other 
insects we.'e found under stones, in plants, etc. In such places the earlier 
Carabid beetles, spiders, mites, collembola, etc., besides an occasional weevil 
or insect larva (tipulidse, curculionidse, nematidse), were frequent. In rotten 
driftwood were found the mite Rhagidia gelida and different collembola {Onchi- 
iirus 12-punctatus, Achorutes tullbergi.., etc.). Caterpillars found under stones, 
on plants, etc., were placed for rearing. One of these (Rearing 51) proved to 
be parasitized, but lived for about two months, and even began its cocoon ; 
when two large hymenopterous cocoons burst forth, their host died, though 
slowly. Ponds became richer in invertebrates as the month progresses. At 
first only a few collembola {Isotoma palustris) are seen upon the water, or a 
couple of dytiscid beetles are busily digging or swimming in waterholes. Mud- 
and freshwater-algffi support a rich life of microscopic animals (worms, rotifera, 
etc.). 
Most of the temporary ponds are barren of microscopic life ; it seems to be a 
question of suitability of the bottom mud more than of anything else. 
On June 18, collembola {Achorutes armatus, Folsomia quadrioculata, Tetra- 
canthella wahlgreni), dytiscid-beetles, or larvae and many copepods (Cyclops 
magnus) were found in a pond, and, the first time this year, mosquito larvae 
(Aedes nearcticus) only a few days old and 3-4 mm. long. Some of the mosquito 
larvae were placed for rearing (Rearing 59); at the end of the month the largest 
had doul)le their length, and they began pupating ten diys later. The first-reared 
imagines emerged in the middle of July; their pupa stsge is thus of very short 
duration. In the mud of this pond were found two days later a wdiite dipterous 
larva and white oligochaete worms; the wTvter temperature was then 44.1 
degrees F., (air 32.2 degrees F., noon). 
June 21-30, 1916 
The first female mosquitoes (Aiides sp.) appeai'ed on June 21, and ])y the 
end of the month became numerous and very annoying, especially in low-lying 
and sheltered places. The first crane-flies (Tipula sp., etc.) were also noticed 
on June 21, and their number rapidly increased. Flies, of course, were also 
common, and the bumblebee queens (Bomhus sylvicola, B. neohoreus, etc.) were 
busily engaged on the early flowers. Many small midges were noticed above 
or in the creek outlet. 
Various spiders (newl)orn, pale, grey brown; Tnieticus alatus, etc.), mites 
(Scutovortex nigrofenioratus), collembola, caterpillars, etc., were prevalent. 
An almost dry pond contained, the last day of the month, l)esides the usual 
dytiscid beetles and mites (Thyas stolli), many dytiscid larvae about 1mm. long, 
and a niunber of mosciuito pupae (Aedes nearticus), but very few mosquito 
larvae. More interesting, however, were the entomostraca, namely, both sexes 
of the phyllopod, Branchinecta paludosa, now almost full grown. Younger stages 
of the same branchipod were found in a brackish pond, and many young water 
fleas (Daphnia pulex), midge larvae and pupae were found among the thread- 
algae in the creek outlet. In the creek back of the harbour the imagines (Nemoura 
