32k Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18 
On the margin of the brackish pond, now much smaller, imagines of My- 
daeina ohscura were captured. Empty, floating pupa cases of the same species 
floated on the surface, showing that the imagines had but lately emerged. 
Dytiscid beetles, midge larvae, copepods, Daphnia pulex (female now with two 
winter eggs), and almost full-grown Branchinecta paludosa (female with 
eggs) were found in the pond. The bottom of a larger pond inland, consisted 
of a thick layer of brown detritus mud between the scattered stones and Carex 
vegetation. In or on the bottom were many larvae and pupae of midges {T any pus 
sp., etc.), beetle larvae, and the common red watermite {Curvipes reinhardi). 
In the big creek at the harbour on August 6, snail^ {Aplexa hypnorun), perlid 
and ephemeroid-nymphs, turbellaria and Hydra sp. were collected. 
August 11-20, 1915 
The flying insects observed were: — 
Bumblebees (Bombus sylvicola, B. neoboreus, B. arcticiis) 
Butterfles (C7oZias"sp., Bre^ithis sp., Oencis sp., Erebia sp., Lycaena sp., Chryaophanus 
sp.) 
Moths (Anarta sp., etc.) 
Wasps, parasitic {Exolylus insularis. Diodes modestus, etc.) 
Sawflies 
Crane-flies (Tipnla sp., etc.) 
Flies (Melanostoma sp., etc.) 
Flies, black iSimulium sp.) 
Midges (Oecothea arislata) 
Mosquitoes {Aedes sp.) 
An ephemeroid imago was captured on the 16th, just emerging from its 
nymphal skin. 
On the ground, or upon plants are various spiders: the female of the big 
Lycosa species now carry their newborn young in the egg cocoons. Mites 
(Rhagidia gelida) and collembola are frequent. In plant pillows are found 
various fly pupae and lepidopterous chrysalides or cocoons; if the latter be a 
Gynaephora it may contain instead of the lepidopterous pupae the dried-out 
caterpillar and about a dozen tachinid (Euphorocera sp.) puparia. Beneath the 
surface are larvae of the common tipulids, and under stones, an occasional brown 
slug, Agriolimax hyperhoreus. Leaves of the various willows are often infected 
by gall-mites {Eriophyes sp.), forming small prickly swellings. The sawfly larvae 
are most conspicuous upon the willows, the larger species with its post-larval, 
red colour, and the smaller boring in the female catkins; these latter pupated 
the following June, but got no further. 
On the margins of the two ponds on the ridge about 100 feet high, southwest 
of the harbour, brown detritus-mud is exposed. The ponds contain a number 
of invertebrates, including a few males of Lepidurus arcticus; most of the 
females of this crustacean have now deposited their eggs. 
The large creek at the harbour is now nearly dry. Here were found 
turbellaria (now with "winter eggs" inside), perlid, and ephemeroid nymphs and 
colonies of Simulium pupae, attached in running water to stones, moss, and 
grass-stems, the stones being more popular on account of the similarity in colour. 
In fact it is most difficult to detect these pupae unless they congregate in large col- 
onies, when the two white, free gill-plumes on the head of each individual show 
up in the water in undulating streaks. The pupa-cases (August 16) were mostly 
empty, but some of them contained the pupae which were infested with one or 
more minute, bright-red nymphs (three leg pairs) of a watermite, crawling over 
the dead pupa. They represent probably the larval stage of one of the common 
hydrachnids. The comparative scarcity of black flies at Bernard harbour may 
be due to the small amount of streaming freshwater, an element necessary for 
the complete development of the insect. Conditions may differ farther to the 
east, judging from the great annoyance travellers have reported from black 
flies there. 
