1867.1 107 



conversant witli the fact, that if it entirely cut out the upper part of 

 its intended case, the first puff of wind would, in all probability, blow 

 it away, whilst still engaged in cutting out the bottom of its case. 



After it has cut out as much of the top of its case as it considers 

 necessary, it then devotes its attention to the formation of the lower 

 half, using for that purpose a layer only of a part of the inner skin of 

 the leaf, which latter is of so exceedingly thin and shining a character, 

 that it reminds one of the substance called " goldbeaters' skin." It 

 then fastens the upper and lower parts of its case together, after which 

 it completes the cutting out of the upper portion, and makes itself snug 

 by binding together the inner margins with silk, the cast-off skins and 

 " frass " being carefully excluded from the interior of the case. The 

 latter being entirely liberated from the leaf is blown to the ground by 

 the first gust of wind. The cases are not all made of the same size, 

 some being almost half as large again as the others. All that I have 

 examined (with one or two exceptions) have been cut out with the 

 strictest accuracy. 



After the larva has resided in the case for a few days, its body loses 

 a portion of its previous greenish tinge ; the fifth and sixth segments 

 become somewhat narrower than the others, thus giving it the appear- 

 ance of being nipped in at that part of its body, and, being slightly 

 shrunken, is about five lines in length. During the winter months it 

 is still further shrunken, so that by the arrival of the month of March 

 it is only between three and four lines in length. It enters the pupa 

 state either at the end of March or the beginning of April. 



If the larva or pupa be ejected, its development is at once arrested ; 

 this fact I have tested on several occasions. I have been prevented 

 from studying its pupal changes solely from the above-mentioned cause. 

 "We thus see that it is absolutely necessary for it to remain inside its 

 case, otherwise its certain destruction follows. The perfect insect 

 makes its appearance during the month of May, by bursting its way 

 through either the upper or under-side of its case, whichever happens 

 to be uppermost at the time, after having been entombed, as it were, 

 for the space of about ten months. 

 4, Napier Street, Hoxton, N. 



Notes on Coleoptera in the south of Scotland. — For some reason or other Scotland 

 has always been deficient in Coleopterists ; some fine collectors and good ento- 

 mologists have worked there, but there has never been a sufficient band of them to 

 ascertain with anything like an approach to completeness how rich the Coleopterous 

 fauna of Scotland really is. The past three years have, however, been memorable 



